1. Ifilimu yeoksidi:
I-Aluminiyam ilula kakhulu ukuba i-oxidize emoyeni kwaye ngexesha le-welding. Isiphumo se-aluminium oxide (i-Al2O3) sinendawo ephezulu yokuncibilika, izinzile kakhulu, kwaye kunzima ukuyisusa. Ithintela ukunyibilika kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinto zomzali. Ifilimu ye-oxide inobunzima obuthile obuphezulu kwaye akukho lula ukudada ngaphezulu. Kulula ukuvelisa iziphene ezifana nokufakwa kwe-slag, ukudibanisa okungaphelelanga, kunye nokungena okungaphelelanga.
Ifilimu ye-oxide ye-aluminiyam kunye nokufunxa isixa esikhulu sokufuma kunokubangela lula iipores kwi-weld. Ngaphambi kwe-welding, iindlela zeekhemikhali okanye zoomatshini kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukucoca ngokungqongqo umphezulu kunye nokususa ifilimu ye-oxide yomhlaba.
Ukuqinisa ukhuseleko ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding ukukhusela i-oxidation. Xa usebenzisa i-tungsten inert gas welding, sebenzisa amandla e-AC ukususa ifilimu ye-oxide ngokusebenzisa "ukucoca i-cathode".
Xa usebenzisa i-welding yegesi, sebenzisa i-flux esusa ifilimu ye-oxide. Xa udibanisa iipleyiti ezishinyeneyo, ubushushu bokuwelda bunokunyuswa. Ngokomzekelo, i-helium arc inokushisa okukhulu, kwaye i-helium okanye i-argon-helium igesi edibeneyo isetyenziselwa ukukhusela, okanye i-electrode enkulu enyibilikayo yegesi ekhuselwe i-welding isetyenziswa. Kwimeko yoxhumo oluchanekileyo lwangoku, "ukucoca i-cathode" ayifuni.
2. High conductivity thermal
I-conductivity ye-thermal kunye nomthamo othile wokushisa we-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloys malunga nokuphindwe kabini kwentsimbi ye-carbon kunye ne-low-alloy steel. I-thermal conductivity ye-aluminium iphindwe ngaphezu kweshumi lentsimbi ye-austenitic stainless steel.
Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding, ubuninzi bobushushu bunokuqhutyelwa ngokukhawuleza kwisiseko sesinyithi. Ngoko ke, xa udibanisa i-aluminium kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminiyam, ukongeza kumandla asetyenzisiweyo kwi-pool yesinyithi etyhidiweyo, ubushushu obuninzi busetyenziswa ngokungeyomfuneko kwezinye iindawo zentsimbi. Oku Ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo lwamandla angenamsebenzi lubaluleke ngakumbi kunolo lwe-welding yensimbi. Ukuze ufumane amalunga adityanisiweyo aphezulu, amandla anamandla agxininisiweyo kunye namandla aphezulu kufuneka asetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukufudumala kunye nezinye iindlela zenkqubo nazo zingasetyenziswa.
3. I-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-linear enkulu, kulula ukuyiguqula kwaye ivelise ukuqhekeka kwe-thermal
I-coefficient yokwandiswa komgca we-aluminiyam kunye ne-aluminium alloys iphantse ibe kabini kune-carbon steel kunye ne-low alloy steel. I-volume shrinkage ye-aluminium ngexesha lokuqina inkulu, kwaye i-deformation kunye noxinzelelo lwe-weldment inkulu. Ngoko ke, amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukukhusela i-welding deformation.
Xa i-aluminium welding pool etyhidiweyo iqina, kulula ukuvelisa i-shrinkage cavities, i-shrinkage porosity, iintanda ezishushu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi.
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Amanyathelo anokuthathwa ukulungelelanisa ukubunjwa kocingo lwe-welding kunye nenkqubo ye-welding ukukhusela ukwenzeka kweentanda ezishushu ngexesha lokuvelisa. Ukuba ukuxhathisa ukubola kuyakuvumela, i-aluminium-silicon alloy welding wire ingasetyenziselwa ukuwelda ialloys ngaphandle kwe-aluminium-magnesium alloys. Xa i-aluminium-silicon alloy iqulethe i-silicon ye-0.5%, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushushu kukhulu. Njengoko umxholo we-silicon usanda, ubushushu bekristali be-alloy buba buncinci, i-fluidity iyanda kakhulu, isantya sokuncipha siyancipha, kwaye ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushushu nako kuncipha ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokwamava okuvelisa, ukuqhekeka okutshisayo akuyi kwenzeka xa umxholo we-silicon u-5% ukuya kwi-6%, ngoko ke ukusebenzisa i-salSi strip (i-silicon content 4.5% ukuya kwi-6%) i-welding wire iya kuba nokumelana nokuqhekeka okungcono.
4. Nyibilika ngokulula i-hydrogen
I-aluminiyam kunye ne-aluminiyam ialloys inokunyibilika isixa esikhulu se-hydrogen kwimeko yolwelo, kodwa kunzima ukuyinyibilikisa i-hydrogen kwindawo eqinileyo. Ngexesha lokuqiniswa kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-welding pool, i-hydrogen ayinaxesha lokuphuma, kwaye imingxuma ye-hydrogen yenziwa lula. Ukufuma kwi-atmosphere yekholomu ye-arc, ukufuma okubhengezwa yifilimu ye-oxide kumphezulu we-welding material kunye nesiseko sesinyithi yonke imithombo ebalulekileyo ye-hydrogen kwi-weld. Ngoko ke, umthombo we-hydrogen kufuneka ulawulwe ngokungqongqo ukukhusela ukubunjwa kwee-pores.
5. Amalungu kunye neendawo ezichaphazelekayo kubushushu zithambile ngokulula
Izinto ze-alloy zilula ukukhupha kunye nokutshisa, okunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-weld.
Ukuba isiseko sesinyithi si-deformation-yomeleziwe okanye i-solid-solution-yomeleza iminyaka, ukushisa kwe-welding kuya kunciphisa amandla ommandla ochaphazelekayo.
I-aluminiyam ine-cubic lattice egxile ebusweni kwaye ayinayo i-allotropes. Akukho tshintsho lwesigaba ngexesha lokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa. Iinkozo ze-weld zikholisa ukuba rhabaxa kwaye iinkozo azikwazi ukucokiswa ngotshintsho lwesigaba.
Indlela yokuwelda
Phantse iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda zinokusetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-aluminiyam kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminium, kodwa i-aluminiyam kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminiyam zinokuguquguquka okwahlukileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda, kwaye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda zinezihlandlo zazo zokusebenzisa.
Iindlela ze-gas welding kunye ne-electrode arc welding zilula kwisixhobo kwaye kulula ukusebenza. I-gas welding ingasetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-welding ye-aluminium sheets kunye ne-castings engadingi umgangatho ophezulu we-welding. I-Electrode arc welding ingasetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-welding ye-aluminium alloy castings.
I-inert gas shielded welding (TIG okanye iMIG) yindlela ye-welding esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloys.
I-aluminiyam kunye ne-aluminium alloy sheets inokudityaniswa nge-tungsten electrode alternating current argon arc welding okanye i-tungsten electrode pulse argon arc welding.
Ialuminiyam kunye nealluminiyam iipleyiti ezishinyeneyo zinokusetyenzwa nge-tungsten helium arc welding, i-argon-helium exubeneyo ye-tungsten arc welding, i-gas metal arc welding, kunye ne-pulse metal arc welding. Igesi yentsimbi ye-arc welding kunye ne-pulse igesi yentsimbi ye-arc welding iya isetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-25-2024
