I-Porosity ngumngxuma owenziweyo xa amaqamza kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo esilela ukubaleka ngexesha lokuqiniswa ngexesha lokuwelda. Xa i-welding kunye ne-J507 electrode ye-alkaline, kukho i-nitrogen pores, i-hydrogen pores kunye ne-CO. Isikhundla se-flat welding ine-pores eninzi kunezinye izikhundla; kukho iziseko ezingaphezulu kuneendawo zokuzalisa kunye nokugubungela; kukho i-arc weldings emide kune-arc weldings emfutshane; kukho i-weldings ye-arc ephazamiseke ngakumbi kune-arc weldings eqhubekayo; kwaye kukho ukuqalisa kwe-arc, ukuvala i-arc kunye neendawo ezidibeneyo kune-welding. Zininzi ezinye izikhundla zokuthunga. Ubukho be-pores abuyi kunciphisa kuphela ubuninzi be-weld kunye nokunciphisa indawo esebenzayo ye-weld ye-weld, kodwa nokunciphisa amandla, iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwe-weld. Ngokweempawu zokudluliselwa kwe-droplet ye-J507 ye-welding intonga, sikhetha umthombo wamandla we-welding, i-welding yangoku efanelekileyo, i-arc efanelekileyo yokuqala kunye nokuvala, ukusebenza kwe-arc emfutshane, ukuthuthwa kwentonga kunye neminye imiba yokulawula, kunye nokufumana isiqinisekiso esihle somgangatho kwimveliso ye-welding. .
1. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-stomata
Isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sinyibilikisa isixa esikhulu segesi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu lihla, ezi gesi ngokuthe ngcembe ziphuma kwi weld ngendlela yamaqamza. Irhasi engenalo ixesha lokubaleka ihlala kwi-weld kwaye yenza iipores. Iigesi ezenza imingxuma ngokuyintloko ziquka ihydrogen kunye necarbon monoxide. Ukususela ekusasazeni i-stomata, kukho i-stomata enye, i-stomata eqhubekayo, kunye ne-stomata enzima; ukusuka kwindawo ye-stomata, zinokuhlulwa zibe yi-stomata yangaphandle kunye ne-stomata yangaphakathi; ukusuka kwimilo, kukho imingxunya, i-stomata engqukuva, kunye ne-strip stomata (i-stomata imile njenge-strip-worm) , i-pores ejikelezayo eqhubekayo), i-chain-like kunye ne-honeycomb pores, njl. electrodes ukuvelisa iziphene pore ngexesha welding. Ngoko ke, ukuthatha i-welding ye-carbon steel ephantsi kunye ne-electrode ye-J507 njengomzekelo, ezinye iingxoxo zenziwa malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwezizathu zokukhubazeka kwe-pore kunye nenkqubo ye-welding.
2.Iimpawu ze-J507 welding rod droplet transfer
Intonga ye-welding ye-J507 yintonga ye-welding ephantsi ye-hydrogen ene-alkalinity ephezulu. Le ntonga ye-welding ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo xa umatshini we-DC welding ubuyisela i-polarity. Ngoko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwe-DC welding machine lusetyenziswayo, utshintsho lwe-droplet lusuka kwindawo ye-anode ukuya kwindawo ye-cathode. Kwi-welding ye-arc ye-arc ye-manual, ubushushu bendawo ye-cathode bungaphantsi kancinci kunobushushu bendawo ye-anode. Ngoko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi ifom yenguqu, ubushushu buya kuncipha emva kokuba amaconsi afikelele kwindawo ye-cathode, ebangela ukuhlanganiswa kwamaconsi alolu hlobo lwe-electrode kunye nokuguqulwa kwi-pool etyhidiweyo, oko kukuthi, ifom yenguqu ye-droplet edibeneyo yenziwe. . Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-arc welding yezandla yinto yomntu: njengobuchule be-welder, ubungakanani bangoku kunye ne-voltage, njl. . Ngoko ke, iziphene ezifana nama-pores zenziwe phantsi kweempembelelo zangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ngelo xesha, i-alkaline electrode coating iqulethe isixa esikhulu se-fluorite, echitha i-ion ye-fluorine ngekhono eliphezulu le-ionization phantsi kwesenzo se-arc, okwenza ukuzinza kwe-arc kubi kakhulu kwaye kubangele ukuhanjiswa kwe-droplet engazinzanga ngexesha le-welding. into. Ngoko ke, ukuze kulungiswe ingxaki ye-porosity ye-J507 electrode manual arc welding, ngaphezu kokumisa i-electrode kunye nokucoca i-groove, kufuneka siqale kwakhona ngamanyathelo ezobuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-arc droplet transfer.
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3. Khetha umthombo wamandla we-welding ukuqinisekisa i-arc ezinzileyo
Ekubeni i-electrode ye-J507 i-electrode iqulethe i-fluoride enegunya eliphezulu le-ionization, elibangela ukungazinzi kwi-arc gas, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha umthombo ofanelekileyo wamandla we-welding. Imithombo yamandla e-DC esidla ngokuyisebenzisa yahlulwe yaziindidi ezimbini: umatshini wokuwelda we-arc we-DC kunye ne-silicon rectifier DC welding machine. Nangona iimpawu zabo zangaphandle iigophe zonke ukuhla iimpawu, ngenxa yokuba rotary DC arc umatshini welding ifezekisa injongo yokulungiswa ngokufakela isibonda esizikhethelayo sokuhamba, imveliso yayo yangoku iguquguquka kwimilo eqhelekileyo, ebopheleleke ukuba ibe yinto enkulu. Ilinganiswe ngoku, i-microscopically, isiphumo sangoku sitshintsha nge-amplitude encinci, ngakumbi xa i-droplets iguquka, ibangela ukuba i-swing amplitude inyuke. I-Silicon elungisiweyo koomatshini bokuwelda be-DC baxhomekeke kumalungu e-silicon ukulungisa nokucoca. Nangona imveliso yangoku ineencopho kunye neentlambo, ngokuqhelekileyo igudileyo, okanye kukho umlinganiselo omncinci wokujingi kwinkqubo ethile, ngoko inokuqwalaselwa ngokuqhubekayo. Ngoko ke, ayichaphazeli kangako inguqu ye-droplet, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwangoku okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-droplet akukukhulu. Kumsebenzi wokuwelda, kwagqitywa ukuba umatshini wokuwelda wesilicon unethuba elisezantsi leepores kunomatshini we-arc we-rotary DC. Emva kokuhlalutya iziphumo zovavanyo, kukholelwa ukuba xa usebenzisa i-electrodes ye-J507 ye-welding, i-silicon ye-welding eqinile yomatshini wokufudumeza umthombo wamandla we-welding kufuneka ikhethwe, enokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-arc kunye nokuphepha ukwenzeka kweziphene ze-pore.
4. Khetha i-welding current efanelekileyo
Ngenxa ye-J507 ye-electrode welding, i-electrode iqulethe inani elikhulu lezinto ze-alloy kwi-weld core ukongeza kwi-coating yokuphucula amandla e-weld joint kunye nokuphelisa ukubakho kweziphene ze-pore. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-welding enkulu yangoku, i-pool etyhidiweyo iba nzulu, i-metallurgical reaction inamandla, kwaye izinto ze-alloy zitshiswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba i-current ikhulu kakhulu, ukushisa kwe-welding core kuya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-electrode iya kuba bomvu, ibangele ukuba i-organic matter kwi-electrode coating ibole ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye yenze iipores; ngelixa ikhoyo incinci kakhulu. Isantya secrystallization sechibi elinyibilikisiweyo sikhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye irhasi ekwichibi elinyibilikisiweyo ayinaxesha lokubaleka, ibangela iipores. Ukongeza, kusetyenziswa i-DC reverse polarity, kwaye ubushushu bendawo ye-cathode buphantsi. Nokuba ii-athomu ze-hydrogen eziveliswe ngexesha lokusabela kobundlobongela zinyibilika kwichibi elinyibilikisiweyo, azinakuthathelwa indawo ngokukhawuleza ngezinto zealloy. Nokuba irhasi yehidrojeni idada ngokukhawuleza iphume kwi weld, inyibilikisiwe Idama lishushu kakhulu kwaye lipholiswe ngokukhawuleza, libangela ukuba iimolekyuli ezishiyekileyo ezenza i-hydrogen ziqine kwi-weld ye-pool etyhidiweyo ukwenza iziphene zepore. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela i-welding current efanelekileyo. I-low-hydrogen welding rods ngokubanzi inenkqubo encinci yangoku malunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-20% kuneentsimbi ze-asidi ze-welding efanayo. Kwimveliso yokuvelisa, kwi-low-hydrogen welding rods, isikwere sobubanzi bentonga ye-welding ephindwe ngeshumi ingasetyenziselwa njengereferensi yangoku. Ngokomzekelo, i-electrode ye-Ф3.2mm inokusekwa kwi-90 ~ 100A, kwaye i-electrode ye-Ф4.0mm inokusetwa kwi-160 ~ 170A njengereferensi yangoku, enokusetyenziswa njengesiseko sokukhetha iiparitha zenkqubo ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo. Oku kunokunciphisa ilahleko evuthayo yezinto ze-alloy kwaye ugweme ukuba nokwenzeka kwee-pores.
5. I-arc enengqiqo ukuqala kunye nokuvala
I-J507 i-electrode welding joints iyakwazi ukuvelisa iipores kunezinye iindawo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubushushu bamalungu buhlala bungaphantsi kancinci kunezinye iindawo ngexesha le-welding. Ngenxa yokuba ukutshintshwa kwentonga entsha ye-welding kubangele ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwithuba lexesha kwindawo yokuvala i-arc yokuqala, kunokubakho ukubola kwendawo ekupheleni kwentonga ye-welding entsha, okukhokelela kwiipores ezixineneyo kwi-joint. Ukusombulula iziphene ze-pore ezibangelwa oku, ngaphezu kokusebenza kokuqala Ukongeza kokufaka i-arc-starting plate efunekayo ekupheleni kwe-arc-ukuqala, kwinqanaba ngalinye eliphakathi, gcoba ngokukhawuleza ukuphela kwe-electrode entsha kwi-arc. -iplate yokuqala ukuqala i-arc ukususa umhlwa ekupheleni. Kwilungu ngalinye eliphakathi, indlela yokubetha i-arc ephezulu kufuneka isetyenziswe, oko kukuthi, emva kokuba i-arc ibethelwe i-10 ukuya kwi-20 mm phambi kwe-weld kwaye izinzile, iphinda itsalwe emva kwindawo yokuvala i-arc. umdibaniso ukuze indawo yokuvala ye-arc yokuqala ifudunyezwe kwindawo kude kube yinyibilika. Emva kokudibanisa, yehlisa i-arc kwaye uyijiwulise kancinci phezulu naphantsi amaxesha angama-1-2 ukuwelda ngokuqhelekileyo. Xa uvala i-arc, i-arc kufuneka igcinwe imfutshane kangangoko ukukhusela ichibi elityhidiweyo ekuzaliseni i-arc crater. Sebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-arc okanye ukuguqula ngasemva naphambili amaxesha angama-2-3 ukugcwalisa i-arc crater ukuphelisa ii-pores ezenziwe kwi-arc yokuvala.
6. Ukusebenza kwe-arc emfutshane kunye nokuhamba komgca
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintonga ze-J507 ze-welding zigxininisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-arc emfutshane. Injongo yomsebenzi omfutshane we-arc kukukhusela i-pool yesisombululo ukwenzela ukuba i-pool yesisombululo kwindawo yokubilisa yokushisa ephezulu ayiyi kuhlaselwa ngumoya wangaphandle kwaye ivelise ama-pores. Kodwa kwiyiphi imeko i-arc emfutshane kufuneka igcinwe, sicinga ukuba kuxhomekeke kwiintonga ze-welding zenkcazo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-arc emfutshane ibhekisela kumgama apho ubude be-arc bulawulwa kwi-2/3 yobubanzi bentonga ye-welding. Ngenxa yokuba umgama uncinci kakhulu, kungekhona kuphela i-pool yesisombululo ayinakubonwa ngokucacileyo, kodwa kunzima nokusebenza kwaye kunokubangela isiphaluka esifutshane kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-arc. Akukho nto iphezulu okanye iphantsi kakhulu inokufezekisa injongo yokukhusela ichibi lesisombululo. Kucetyiswa ukuba uthuthe imicu ngendlela echanekileyo xa uthutha imicu. Ukugqithisela ngasemva nangaphandle ukuguqula kuya kubangela ukukhuselwa okungafanelekanga kwechibi lesisombululo. Ubukhulu obukhulu (kubhekiselele ku-≥16mm), i-U-shaped evulekileyo okanye i-U-shaped grooves ephindwe kabini ingasetyenziselwa ukusombulula ingxaki. Ngexesha le-welding cover, i-multi-pass welding ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa uluhlu lwe-swing. Ezi ndlela zingentla zamkelwe kwimveliso ye-welding, engaqinisekisi kuphela umgangatho wangaphakathi kodwa iqinisekisa amaso e-weld agudileyo kwaye acocekileyo.
Xa usebenza i-electrodes ye-J507 ye-welding, ngaphezu kwamanyathelo enkqubo engentla ukuthintela ii-pores ezinokwenzeka, ezinye iimfuno zenkqubo eziqhelekileyo azikwazi ukuhoywa. Umzekelo: ukomisa intonga ye-welding ukususa amanzi kunye neoli, ukumisela kunye nokucubungula i-groove, kunye nendawo efanelekileyo yokumisa ukuthintela ukuphambuka kwe-arc ekubangeleni ama-pores, njl. Kuphela ngokulawula amanyathelo enkqubo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zemveliso, siya kuba iyakwazi ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iphephe iziphene zepore.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-01-2023
