Izixhobo zokusika ze-CNC zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukusika kwimveliso yomatshini, eyaziwa ngokuba yizixhobo zokusika. Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo eziphezulu zokusika i-CNC zinokunika umdlalo opheleleyo ekusebenzeni kwayo okufanelekileyo kunye nokufezekisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho. Ngophuhliso lwezixhobo zokusika izixhobo, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusika izixhobo zinomzimba ongcono, iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nokusebenza kokusika. Iphuculwe kakhulu, umda wesicelo nawo uyakhula.
Isakhiwo sesixhobo se-CNC
1. Ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo luqulunqwe yinxalenye ye-clamping kunye nenxalenye yokusebenza. Inxalenye ebambekayo kunye nenxalenye esebenzayo yesixhobo sesakhiwo esidibeneyo zonke zenziwe kumzimba we-cutter; inxalenye yokusebenza (izinyo lomese okanye i-blade) yesixhobo sokufakela isakhiwo sifakwe kumzimba wokusika.
2. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeendawo zokubambelela ezinemingxuma kunye nezibambo. Isixhobo esinomngxuma sibekwe kwi-shaft ephambili okanye i-mandrel yesixhobo somatshini ngokusebenzisa umngxuma ongaphakathi, kwaye umzuzu wokujikeleza uhanjiswa ngeqhosha le-axial okanye iqhosha lobuso bokuphela, njenge-cylindrical milling cutter, a iqokobhe ubuso milling cutter, njl.
3. Iimela ezinezibambo zihlala zineentlobo ezintathu: i-rectangular shank, i-cylindrical shank kunye ne-conical shank. Ukuguqula izixhobo, izixhobo zokucwangcisa, njl. i-conical shanks ithwala i-axial thrust nge-taper, kwaye ihambisa i-torque ngoncedo lwe-friction; i-cylindrical shanks ifanelekile ngokubanzi kwi-twist drills encinci, i-end Mills kunye nezinye izixhobo. Amandla okungqubana okubangelwa adlulisa itorque. I-shank yeemela ezininzi ze-shank zenziwe ngentsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy, kwaye inxalenye esebenzayo yenziwe nge-speed speed butt butt welding the two parts.
4. Icandelo elisebenzayo lesixhobo licandelo elivelisa kunye neenkqubo ze-chips, kubandakanywa izinto zesakhiwo ezifana ne-blade, isakhiwo esiqhekezayo okanye i-rolling up chips, indawo yokususwa kwe-chip okanye ukugcinwa kwe-chip, kunye netshaneli yokusika ulwelo. Inxalenye esebenzayo yezinye izixhobo yinxalenye yokusika, njengezixhobo zokujika, iiplani, izixhobo ezikruqulayo kunye nabasiki bemilling; inxalenye yokusebenza yezinye izixhobo ibandakanya iinxalenye zokusika kunye neenxalenye zokulinganisa, ezifana ne-drills, i-reamers, i-reamers, i-surface yangaphakathi yokutsala iimela kunye neetephu njl. kukugudisa umphezulu womatshini kunye nokukhokela isixhobo.
5. Isakhiwo secandelo elisebenzayo lesixhobo sineentlobo ezintathu: uhlobo oludibeneyo, uhlobo lwe-welding kunye nohlobo lwe-clamping mechanical. Isakhiwo esipheleleyo kukwenza umda wokusika kumzimba wokusika; ukwakhiwa kwe-welding kukubethelela i-blade kumzimba wokusika intsimbi; kukho izinto ezimbini zokubopha ngoomatshini, enye kukucinezela i-blade kumzimba womsiki, kwaye enye kukuyibamba intloko yomsiki ebrazed kumzimba womsiki. Izixhobo ze-carbide ze-cemented zenziwe ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo okanye izakhiwo zokubopha ngomatshini; izixhobo porcelain zonke izakhiwo clamping oomatshini.
6. Iiparamitha zejometri zecandelo lokusika isixhobo zinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wokucubungula. Ukwandisa i-engile ye-rake kunokunciphisa i-deformation yeplastiki xa ubuso be-rake bucinezela umaleko wokusika, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-chips ehamba phambili ngaphambili, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa amandla okusika kunye nokusika ubushushu. Nangona kunjalo, ukwandisa i-angle ye-rake kuya kunciphisa amandla omgca wokusika kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bentloko ye-cutter.
Ukuhlelwa kwezixhobo ze-CNC
Udidi olunye: izixhobo zokulungisa imiphezulu eyahlukeneyo yangaphandle, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokuguqula, iiplani, abasiki bemilling, iibroaches zangaphandle kunye neefayile, njl.;
Udidi lwesibini: izixhobo zokulungisa umngxuma, kubandakanywa i-drills, i-reamers, izixhobo ezithandekayo, i-reamers kunye ne-internal surface broaches, njl.;
Udidi lwesithathu: izixhobo zokulungisa intambo, kubandakanywa iimpompo, ukufa, ukuvula ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuvala iintloko zokusika intambo, izixhobo zokuguqula intambo kunye nabasiki bentambo, njl.
Udidi lwesine: izixhobo zokulungisa igiya, kubandakanya iihobs, iigear shape cutters, iigear cutters, izixhobo zokulungisa izixhobo zebevel, njl.;
Udidi lwesihlanu: izixhobo ezisikiweyo, kubandakanywa ii-saw blades zesetyhula, iisarha zebhendi, iisarha zesaphetha, izixhobo zokujika ezisikiweyo kunye nabasiki bentsimbi, njl.njl.
Indlela yesigwebo ye-NC Tool Wear
1. Okokuqala gweba ukuba igugile okanye ayikho ngexesha lokucubungula, ngokukodwa ngexesha lokusika, ukuphulaphula isandi, kwaye ngokukhawuleza isandi sesixhobo ngexesha lokucubungula akusiyo ukusika okuqhelekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kufuna ukuqokelela amava.
2. Jonga inkqubo. Ukuba kukho iintlantsi eziphazamisayo eziphazamisayo ngexesha lokucubungula, oko kuthetha ukuba isixhobo siphelile. Ungasitshintsha isixhobo ngexesha ngokomndilili wobomi besixhobo.
3. Jonga umbala weefayili zentsimbi. Ukuba umbala weefayili zetsimbi zitshintshile, kuthetha ukuba ubushushu bokusebenza butshintshile, obunokuthi bube ngenxa yokugqoka izixhobo.
4. Jonga imilo yeefayili zentsimbi. Amacala amabini eefayili zentsimbi abonakala ejijekile, iifayili zentsimbi zigoqeke ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kwaye iifayili zentsimbi ziqhekeka kakuhle. Ngokucacileyo akusiyo imvakalelo yokusika eqhelekileyo, ebonisa ukuba isixhobo sinxitywe.
5. Ukujonga umphezulu womsebenzi, kukho amanqaku aqaqambileyo, kodwa uburhabaxa kunye nobukhulu abuzange butshintshe kakhulu, eyona nto isetyenziswe isixhobo.
6. Mamela isandi, i-process vibration iya kuqina, kwaye ingxolo engaqhelekanga iya kuveliswa xa isixhobo singakhawulezanga. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuphepha "ukugwaza imela" kwaye kubangele ukuba i-workpiece ikhutshwe.
7. Jonga umthwalo wesixhobo somatshini. Ukuba kukho utshintsho olucacileyo lokunyuka, oko kuthetha ukuba isixhobo sisenokuba sinxitywe.
8. Xa isixhobo sinqunyulwa, i-workpiece inee-burrs ezinzulu, uburhabaxa buyancipha, ubukhulu be-workpiece buguquka kunye nezinye izinto ezicacileyo nazo ziyimilinganiselo yokugwetywa kwesixhobo. Ngelizwi, ukubona, ukuva, kunye nokuchukumisa, ukuba nje unokushwankathela inqaku elinye, unokugweba ukuba isixhobo sinxitywe na.
Umgaqo wokukhetha isixhobo se-CNC
1. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqhubeni sisixhobo
Nasiphi na isixhobo esiyeka ukusebenza sithetha ukumiswa kwemveliso. Kodwa akuthethi ukuba imela nganye inewonga elibalulekileyo elifanayo. Isixhobo esinexesha elide lokusika sinempembelelo enkulu kumjikelezo wemveliso, ngoko ke phantsi kwesiseko esifanayo, ingqalelo engakumbi kufuneka ihlawulwe kwesi sixhobo. Ukongeza, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kumatshini amacandelo aphambili kunye nezixhobo ezinokunyamezelana okungqongqo. Ukongeza, izixhobo ezinolawulo lwetshiphu olungekho mgangathweni, olunje ngoomatshini, izixhobo zokukrola, kunye nezixhobo zokuthunga, kufuneka nazo zinikwe ingqwalasela. Ixesha lokuphumla linokubangelwa kulawulo olulambathayo lwetshiphu.
2. Tshatisa nesixhobo somatshini
Iimela zihlulwe zibe ngasekunene kunye nesandla sasekhohlo, ngoko ke ukukhetha iimela ezifanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, izixhobo zesandla sokunene zifanelekile kumatshini ojikelezayo (CCW) (njengoko kujongwa ecaleni kwe-spindle); izixhobo ezisekhohlo zifanelekile koomatshini abajikeleza ngasekunene (CW). Ukuba uneeleyile ezininzi, ezinye zibambe izixhobo ezisekhohlo kwaye ezinye zisekhohlo, khetha izixhobo ezisekhohlo. Ukugaya, nangona kunjalo, abantu ngokubanzi badla ngokukhetha izixhobo eziguquguqukayo. Kodwa nangona uluhlu lokucubungula olugutyungelwe lolu hlobo lwesixhobo likhulu, ulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza ukuqina kwesixhobo, ukwandisa ukuphambuka kwesixhobo, ukunciphisa iiparitha zokusika, kwaye kulula ukubangela ukungcangcazela kwe-machining. Ukongeza, i-manipulator yokutshintsha isixhobo kwisixhobo somatshini nayo inezithintelo kubungakanani kunye nobunzima besixhobo. Ukuba uthenga isixhobo somatshini ngokupholisa kwangaphakathi ngomngxuma kwi-spindle, nceda ukhethe isixhobo esinokupholisa kwangaphakathi ngomngxuma.
3. Tshatisa izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo
Intsimbi yeCarbon yinto eqhelekileyo esetyenzisiweyo kwi-machining, ngoko ke izixhobo ezininzi zokusika ziyilelwe ngokusekelwe kwi-carbon steel processing processing. Ibakala le-blade kufuneka likhethwe ngokwezinto eziza kucutshungulwa. Abavelisi bezixhobo banikezela ngoluhlu lwemizimba yokusika kunye nokufakwa okuhambelanayo ukwenza izixhobo ezingezizo ezoni ezifana ne-superalloys, i-titanium alloys, i-aluminiyam, i-composites, iiplastiki kunye neentsimbi ezicocekileyo. Xa ufuna ukucubungula izinto ezingentla, nceda ukhethe isixhobo esinezinto ezihambelanayo. Uninzi lwabavelisi banoluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwezixhobo zokusika, ezibonisa ukuba zeziphi izinto ezifanelekileyo zokulungisa. Ngokomzekelo, uchungechunge lwe-3PP lwe-DaElement lusetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwe-aluminium alloy, uchungechunge lwe-86P lusetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukusetyenzwa kwensimbi engenasici, kunye nochungechunge lwe-6P lusetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukucubungula i-high-hardness steel.
4. Ukuchazwa kwesixhobo
Impazamo eqhelekileyo kukukhetha isixhobo sokujika esincinci kakhulu kunye nesixhobo sokugaya esikhulu kakhulu. Izixhobo zokuguqula ubungakanani obukhulu zinobulukhuni obuhle; ngelixa i-milling cutters enkulu ayibizi nje kuphela, kodwa ithatha ixesha elide lokusika umoya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso leemela ezinkulu liphezulu kunelo lincinci.
5. Khetha phakathi kweencakuba ezibuyiselwayo okanye iimela zokusila kwakhona
Umgaqo omawulandelwe ulula: zama ukunqanda ukulola kwakhona iimela zakho. Ngaphandle kwee-drill ezimbalwa kunye nabasiki be-face milling, zama ukukhetha i-blade enokutshintshwa okanye abasiki bentloko abanokutshintshwa xa iimeko zivuma. Oku kuya kongela iindleko zomsebenzi ngelixa ufumana iziphumo ezizinzileyo zokusetyenzwa.
6. Izinto zesixhobo kunye nebakala
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zesixhobo kunye ne-brand ihambelana ngokusondeleyo kwiipropati zezinto ezicwangcisiweyo, isantya esiphezulu kunye nesantya sokutya kwesixhobo somatshini. Khetha ibakala lesixhobo esiqhelekileyo kwiqela lezinto ezenziwa ngoomatshini, ngokuqhelekileyo iingubo. Jonga kwi-"Grade Application Recommendation Chart" enikwe ngumthengisi wezixhobo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, impazamo eqhelekileyo kukuzama ukusombulula ingxaki yobomi besixhobo ngokutshintsha amabakala ezinto ezifanayo kwabanye abenzi bezixhobo. Ukuba iimela zakho ezikhoyo azifanelekanga, ukutshintshela kwi-brand efanayo ukusuka komnye umenzi kunokwenzeka ukuba kuzise iziphumo ezifanayo. Ukusombulula ingxaki, kuyimfuneko ukugqiba isizathu sokungaphumeleli kwesixhobo.
7. Iimfuno zamandla
Umgaqo osisikhokelo kukufumana okona kulungileyo kuyo yonke into. Ukuba uthenge umatshini wokugaya onegunya le-20hp, ngoko ke, ukuba i-workpiece kunye ne-fixture ivumela, khetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo kunye neeparitha zokucubungula ukuze ufezekise i-80% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla omatshini womatshini. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwitheyibhile yamandla / isantya kwincwadana yomsebenzisi wesixhobo somatshini, kwaye ukhethe isixhobo esinokufikelela esona sicelo silungileyo sokusika ngokoluhlu lwamandla ombane womatshini.
8. Inani leencam zokusika
Umgaqo uthi, kokukhona ungcono. Ukuthenga isixhobo sokuguqula ngokuphindwe kabini ikona akuthethi ukuhlawula ngokuphindwe kabini. Uyilo olufanelekileyo luphinde lwaphinda kabini inani leencam zokusika kwi-grooving, ukwahlula kunye nokufakwa kwezinye izinto zokugaya kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Akuqhelekanga ukutshintsha i-cutter yokugaya i-original kunye ne-4 kuphela i-cutting edge inserts kunye ne-16 yokusika. Ukwandisa inani leemida zokusika kwakhona kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukutya kwetafile kunye nemveliso.
9. Khetha isixhobo esibalulekileyo okanye isixhobo semodyuli
Izixhobo zefomati ezincinci zifanelekile kuyilo lwe-monolithic; izixhobo ezinkulu zefomati zifanelekile kuyilo lweemodyuli. Kwizixhobo zokusika ezinkulu, xa isixhobo sokusika sihluleka, abasebenzisi bahlala benethemba lokufumana isixhobo esitsha sokusika kuphela ngokutshintsha iindawo ezincinci kunye nezingabizi. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwi-grooving kunye nezixhobo ezikruqulayo.
10. Khetha isixhobo esinye okanye isixhobo esinemisebenzi emininzi
Izixhobo zokusebenza ezincinci zithande ukuba zifaneleke ngakumbi izixhobo ezimbaxa. Ngokomzekelo, isixhobo esinemisebenzi emininzi esidibanisa ukubhola, ukujika, ukudinwa kwangaphakathi, ukuthunga kunye ne-chamfering. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ii-workpieces ezinzima ngakumbi zifanelekile kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezininzi. Izixhobo zoomatshini zinenzuzo kuphela kuwe xa zisika, hayi xa ziphantsi.
11. Khetha isixhobo esisemgangathweni okanye isixhobo esingesiso esiqhelekileyo
Ngokuthandwa komatshini wokulawula amanani (CNC), kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba imilo ye-workpiece inokufezekiswa ngokucwangcisa, kunokuthembela kwizixhobo, ngoko ke izixhobo ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo azisafuneki. Enyanisweni, iimela ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo zisabala i-15% yokuthengiswa kweemela. Ngoba? Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusika kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zobungakanani bomsebenzi, ukunciphisa inkqubo kunye nokunciphisa umjikelezo wokucubungula. Ukuveliswa kobuninzi, izixhobo zokusika ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo zinganciphisa umjikelo wokucubungula kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
12. Ulawulo lwetshiphu
Khumbula, injongo yakho kumatshini wokusebenzela, hayi iitshiphusi, kodwa iitshiphusi zinokubonisa ngokucacileyo imeko yokusika isixhobo. Ngokubanzi, kukho stereotype malunga nokusikwa, njengoko abantu abaninzi bengaqeqeshelwanga ukutolika. Khumbula umgaqo olandelayo: ii-chips ezilungileyo aziyi kutshabalalisa inkqubo, ii-chips ezimbi ziya kwenza okuchaseneyo. Uninzi lwezinto ezifakelwayo zenzelwe i-chip breakers, kwaye i-chip breakers ziyilelwe ngokwezinga lokutya, nokuba kukugqiba ukusika okanye ukusika okunzima. I-chip encinci, inzima kakhulu ukuphuka. Ulawulo lwe-chip lucelomngeni kwizinto ezinzima-kumatshini. Nangona izinto eziza kucutshungulwa zingenakuguqulwa, izixhobo ezitsha zingasetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa isantya sokusika, izinga lokutya, iqondo lokusika, i-radius yekona yempumlo yesixhobo, njl.
13. Ukucwangcisa
Ebusweni bezixhobo, izixhobo zokusebenza kunye noomatshini bomatshini be-CNC, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukuchaza iindlela zesixhobo. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukwazi ikhowudi yomatshini osisiseko, unephakheji yeCAM. Indlela yesixhobo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo iimpawu zesixhobo ezifana ne-angle ye-ramping, isalathiso sokujikeleza, ukutya, isantya sokusika, njl. Iphakheji yesoftware yeCAM elungileyo inokugcina abasebenzi kwaye yandise imveliso.
14. Khetha iimela ezintsha okanye iimela ezivuthiweyo eziqhelekileyo
Kwinqanaba langoku lophuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zokusika kunokuphindaphinda kabini kwiminyaka eyi-10. Ukuthelekisa iiparitha zokusika zesixhobo esicetyiswayo kwiminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo, uya kufumanisa ukuba isixhobo sanamhlanje sinokuphinda kabini ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa amandla okusika ancitshiswe ngama-30%. I-matrix ye-alloy yesixhobo esitsha sokusika sinamandla kwaye sinobunzima obuphezulu, esinokuqonda isantya esiphezulu sokusika kunye namandla aphantsi okusika. I-Chipbreakers kunye namabanga anesicelo esisezantsi esicacileyo kunye nokuguquguquka okubanzi. Kwangaxeshanye, iimela zanamhlanje zongeze ukuguquguquka kunye nokumodareyitha, zombini ezo zinciphisa uluhlu kunye nokwandisa izixhobo zokusebenza. Uphuhliso lwezixhobo zokusika luye lwakhokelela ekuyilweni kwemveliso emitsha kunye neengcamango zokucubungula, ezifana ne-Bawang cutters enemisebenzi yokuguqula kunye ne-grooving, kunye nabasiki be-high-feed milling cutters, abakhuthaze umatshini we-speed-speed, i-minimini-quantity lubrication (MQL) machining. kunye netekhnoloji yokuguqula nzima. Ngokusekwe kule miba ingasentla kunye nezinye izizathu, kufuneka kwakhona ulandele indlela yokucubungula kwaye ufunde malunga netekhnoloji yesixhobo sokusika, kungenjalo uya kuba sengozini yokuwa ngasemva.
15. Ixabiso
Nangona ixabiso lesixhobo libalulekile, alibalulekanga njengexabiso lemveliso elihlawulwe kwisixhobo. Ngoxa imela inexabiso layo, ixabiso lemela lixhomekeke kumsebenzi ewenzayo ukuze ivelise imveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimela zexabiso eliphantsi zizo ezikhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zemveliso. Ixabiso lezixhobo zokusika libalelwa kwi-3% kuphela yeendleko zenxalenye. Ngoko gxininisa kwimveliso yeemela zakho, kungekhona ixabiso labo lokuthenga.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Jan-27-2018
