Zonke iziphene ezinokubonwa ngeso lenyama okanye iglasi yokukhulisa amandla aphantsi kwaye ibekwe phezu komphezulu we-weld, njenge-undercut (undercut), i-weld nodules, i-arc pits, i-surface pores, i-slag inclusions, i-cracks yomhlaba, engafanelekanga. indawo ye-weld, njl., zibizwa ngokuba ziziphene zangaphandle; ngelixa ii-pores zangaphakathi, i-slag inclusions, ii-cracks zangaphakathi, ukungena okungaphelelanga, kunye nokudibanisa okungaphelelanga okufuneka kufunyenwe ngovavanyo olutshabalalisayo okanye iindlela zokuvavanya ezikhethekileyo ezingonakalisi zibizwa ngokuba yiziphene zangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ezona zixhaphakileyo kukungaphumeleli kokucoca i-slag kunye ne-spatter emva kwe-welding kunye ne-weld scars.
1. Ubungakanani be-weld abuhambelani neemfuno zenkcazo
1.1 Isiganeko: Ubude be-weld inkulu kakhulu okanye incinci kakhulu ngexesha lokuhlolwa; okanye ububanzi be-weld bubanzi kakhulu okanye buncinci kakhulu, kwaye utshintsho phakathi kwe-weld kunye nesiseko sezinto alugudi, umphezulu urhabaxa, i-weld ayicocekanga kwindlela ye-longitudinal kunye ne-transverse, kunye nenani le-concave ye-weld. weld kwikona weld inkulu kakhulu.
Izixhobo zokuwelda iXinfa zineempawu zomgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ngeenkcukacha, nceda undwendwele:Abavelisi beWelding & Cutting-China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
1.2 Izizathu:
1.2.1 Ukuthe tye kwenkqubo ye-weld groove ayilunganga, i-angle ye-groove ayifanelekanga okanye ubungakanani be-gap yendibano ayilingani.
1.2.2 Umsinga mkhulu kakhulu ngexesha le-welding, ebangela ukuba i-electrode inyibilike ngokukhawuleza, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula ukubunjwa kwe-weld. Ikhoyo ngoku incinci kakhulu, ibangela ukuba i-electrode "inamathele" xa i-arc ye-welding iqaliswa, okukhokelela ekudibaniseni okungaphelelanga okanye i-welding nodules.
1.2.3 Umsebenzi we-welder awunalo ngokwaneleyo, indlela yokunyakaza intonga ayifanelekanga, njengokukhawuleza okanye ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-electrode angle ayilunganga.
1.2.4 Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa i-arc ngokuzenzekelayo, iiparitha zenkqubo ye-welding zikhethwa ngokungafanelekanga.
3. Ukuba kuyingozi kakhulu, ngaba umntwana usenokulala ngesisu okanye ngecala? Impendulo yile: Ewe, umntu omdala unokubukela umntwana elele ngecala okanye ngesisu ngelixa evukile. Ukulala ngokufanelekileyo kwisisu sakhe kuhle kakhulu kumntwana. Ngenxa yokwesaba ukuba umntwana uya kuxutywa ngobisi, ugqirha uncoma ukulala ngecala, ukwenzela ukuba umzimba womntwana uphelele, kwaye intloko encinci inokutshintsha indlela ukusuka kwesobunxele ukuya kwesokudla nangaphezulu.
4. Umandlalo owongezelelweyo nawo ufihla ingozi! Ukongeza kwintsana kunye ne-quilt yonyaka, susa imithwalo eyongezelelweyo, iingubo, amathoyizi afakwe, iimpahla kunye nezinye i-debris kwi-crib. Ukuba umntwana ufihla ubuso bakhe kwezi zinto zithambileyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba zigqume umlomo neempumlo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Ibhedi yomntwana ayifuni ukuba ithambile kakhulu, kwaye ukhetho oluhle kakhulu lukhuni lomntwana. Ukuba ngumzali akuyondlwan’ iyanetha, kwaye ukuba ngunozala olungileyo kunzima ngakumbi. Zombini zifuna ukufunda okuzingisileyo kobuzali benzululwazi. Ndinqwenela ukuba iintsana ezincinci zibe namaphupha amnandi yonke imihla, kwaye kusasa, sebenzisa ukukhala okukhulu okanye uncumo olumnandi ukuthi "molweni kusasa" kubazali bomntu wonke.
1.3 Amanyathelo othintelo nolawulo
1.3.1 Lungiselela i-weld groove ngokweemfuno zoyilo kunye neenkcukacha ze-welding, kwaye uzame ukusebenzisa i-mechanical processing ukwenza i-angle ye-groove kunye nokuthe tye kwe-edge ye-groove ihlangabezane neemfuno, kwaye ugweme ukusebenzisa ukusika kwegesi eyenziweyo kunye nokuhlambulula ngesandla umqolomba. Xa udibanisa, qinisekisa ukufana kwe-gap ye-weld ukubeka isiseko sokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding.
1.3.2 Khetha iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-welding efanelekileyo ngovavanyo lwenkqubo ye-welding.
1.3.3 Abashiseli kufuneka bangqinwe phambi kokuba basebenze. Iiwelders eziqeqeshiweyo zinesiseko esithile sethiyori kunye nezakhono zokusebenza.
1.3.4 Kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-welding multi-layer kwi-welding surface, phantsi kwemeko yokuqinisekisa ukudibanisa kunye nomgangatho ophantsi, intonga ye-welding ene-current encinci kunomjelo we-welding phakathi kwendawo nganye kunye nobubanzi obuncinci (φ2.0mm). ~3.0mm) kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukuwelda ngaphezulu. Isantya sentonga ye-welding kufuneka ibe yinto efanayo, iqhubela phambili ngesigqi, kwaye yenza ububanzi obuthile be-lateral swing, ukwenzela ukuba umphezulu we-weld ucoceke kwaye uhle.
2. I-Undercut (inyama elumayo)
2.1 I-Phenomenon: Ukudakumba okanye i-groove enyibilike yi-arc ngexesha le-welding ayincediswa yintsimbi etyhidiweyo kwaye ishiya isithuba. I-undercut enzulu kakhulu iya kwenza buthathaka amandla e-weld joint, ibangele uxinzelelo lwendawo, kwaye iintanda ziya kuveliswa kwi-undercut emva kokuzala.
2.2 Izizathu:
Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba i-welding current inkulu kakhulu, i-arc inde kakhulu, i-angle ye-electrode ayilawulwa kakuhle, isantya se-electrode asifanelekanga, kwaye ubude be-electrode eshiywe ekupheleni kwe-welding mfutshane kakhulu. , ekhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-undercut. Ngokuqhelekileyo sisiphene esiqhelekileyo kwi-welding ethe nkqo, i-welding ethe tyaba, kunye ne-overhead welding.
2.3 Amanyathelo othintelo
2.3.1 Umsinga akufanele ube mkhulu kakhulu ngexesha lokudibanisa, i-arc ayifanele ibe yinde okanye imfutshane kakhulu, kwaye i-arc welding emfutshane kufuneka isetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
2.3.2 Lawula i-engile ye-electrode efanelekileyo kunye nobuchule bokunyakaza kwe-electrode. Xa i-electrode ijika ukuya emphethweni, kufuneka icothe kancinci ukuze isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo se-electrode sizalise udini, kwaye kufuneka sikhawuleze kancinci embindini.
2.3.3 Ubunzulu be-weld undercut kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwe-0.5mm, ubude bube ngaphantsi kwe-10% yobude obupheleleyo be-weld, kwaye ubude obuqhubekayo bube ngaphantsi kwe-10mm. Emva kokuba ubunzulu okanye imveliso idlula ukunyamezela oku ngasentla, i-defect kufuneka icocwe, kwaye i-diameter encinci kunye ne-brand efanayo ye-electrode kufuneka isetyenziswe. I-welding current inkulu kancinci kunesiqhelo, kwaye i-welding igcwele.
3. Iintanda
3.1 I-Phenomenon: Ngexesha okanye emva kwe-welding, iintsimbi zentsimbi zenzeka kwindawo ye-welding. Zenzeka ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kweweld, okanye kwindawo echaphazeleke bubushushu. Ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yokuqhekeka, zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-longitudinal cracks, iintanda ezinqamlezileyo, i-arc crater cracks, iingcambu zeengcambu, njl., Ezinokuthi zihlulwe zibe ziqhekeza ezitshisayo, iingqungquthela ezibandayo kunye nokutshisa ngokutsha.
3.2 Oonobangela
3.2.1 Uxinzelelo olukhulu lwenziwa emva kokuncipha kobushushu kwindawo yeweld.
3.2.2 Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngumzali zinezakhiwo ezomeleleyo kwaye zithande ukuqhekeka emva kokupholisa.
3.2.3 Kukho ugxininiso lwehydrogen ephezulu ngokwentelekiso kwiweld. Kwaye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezingcolileyo, njl., zivame ukubanda kunye neentanda ezishushu.
3.3 Amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula:
Isisombululo esiphambili kukuphelisa uxinzelelo, ukusebenzisa izinto ze-welding ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yokusebenza.
3.3.1 Nika ingqalelo kwifom ye-groove ye-welding joint ukuphelisa iintanda ezibangelwa ukufudumeza okungalinganiyo kunye nokupholisa kwe-weld ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-thermal. Umzekelo, xa udiza iipleyiti zentsimbi ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo, ipleyiti eshinyeneyo kufuneka icuthwe.
3.3.2 Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno zemizobo yokuyila, ukulawula ngokuthe ngqo umthombo we-hydrogen, ukomisa intonga ye-welding ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, kwaye uhlambulule ngokucophelela ioli, umswakama kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-groove.
3.3.3 Ngexesha le-welding, khetha iiparameters ezifanelekileyo zokulawula ukushisa kwegalelo phakathi kwe-800 kunye ne-3000 ℃ yokushisa okupholisa ukuphucula i-microstructure ye-weld kunye ne-heat-affected zone.
3.3.4 Xa ubushushu bendawo yokutshisa i-welding buphantsi kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zincinci, ngaphezu kokunyusa ukushisa kwendawo yokusebenza, kufuneka kwakhona kushushu ngaphambi kwe-welding. Emva kwe-welding, zama ukugcina ubushushu kunye nokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenze unyango lobushushu be-post-weld ukuphelisa iintanda ezilibazisekileyo ezibangelwa luxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwi-weld ngexesha lokupholisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-26-2024
