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4. Imingxuma yeArc
Kuyinto ehlayo ye-sliding phenomenon ekupheleni kwe-weld, engenzi nje buthathaka amandla e-weld, kodwa ibangela ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokupholisa.
4.1 Oonobangela:
Ngokukodwa, ixesha lokucima i-arc lifutshane kakhulu ekupheleni kwe-welding, okanye i-current esetyenziswa xa i-welding iiplate ezincinci zinkulu kakhulu.
4.2 Amanyathelo othintelo:
Xa i-weld igqityiwe, yenza i-electrode ihlale ixesha elifutshane okanye wenze iintshukumo ezininzi zeesetyhula. Musa ukumisa i-arc ngokukhawuleza ukuze kubekho isinyithi esaneleyo sokuzalisa ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo. Qinisekisa okwangoku ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha le-welding. Amacandelo aphambili anokuthi axhotyiswe nge-arc-starting plates ukukhokela umgodi we-arc ngaphandle kwe-weldment.
5. Ukufakwa kwe-slag
I-5.1 i-Phenomenon: I-non-metallic inclusions efana ne-oxides, i-nitrides, i-sulfides, i-phosphides, njl. ukufakwa kwe-slag. Ukufakwa kwe-Slag kwi-welds yensimbi kuya kunciphisa iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwezakhiwo zetsimbi, kwaye kuya kwandisa uxinzelelo, okubangela ukubanda kunye ne-brittleness eshushu, ekulula ukuyiqhekeza kunye nokulimaza amacandelo.
5.2 Izizathu:
5.2.1 I-weld base base metal ayicocwanga ngokufanelekileyo, i-welding current incinci kakhulu, isinyithi esityhidiweyo siqina ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-slag ayinalo ixesha lokudada.
5.2.2 Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zesiseko sentsimbi ye-welding kunye nentonga ye-welding ayihlambulukanga. Ukuba kukho amacandelo amaninzi afana ne-oksijeni, i-nitrogen, isulfure, i-phosphorus, i-silicon, njl njl kwi-pool etyhidiweyo ngexesha le-welding, i-non-metallic slag inclusions yenziwa ngokulula.
5.2.3 I-welder ayinalo ikhono ekusebenzeni kwaye indlela yokuthutha intonga ayifanelekanga, ukwenzela ukuba i-slag kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo idibaniswe kwaye ayinakuhlukana, ethintela i-slag ukuba ihambe.
5.2.4 I-angle ye-weld groove incinci, i-welding rod coating iyawa ibe ngamaqhekeza kwaye ayinyibiliki yi-arc; ngexesha le-welding ye-multi-layer, i-slag ayicocwanga ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye i-slag ayisuswanga ngexesha lokusebenza, ezo zonke izizathu zokufakwa kwe-slag.
5.3 Amanyathelo othintelo nolawulo
5.3.1 Sebenzisa i-welding rods kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding process, kunye nentsimbi edibeneyo kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zamaxwebhu oyilo.
5.3.2 Khetha iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-welding efanelekileyo ngovavanyo lwenkqubo ye-welding. Nika ingqalelo ukucocwa kwe-welding groove kunye ne-edge range. I-welding rod groove akufanele ibe yincinci kakhulu. Kwii-welds ze-multi-layer, i-welding slag yoluhlu ngalunye lwe-welds kufuneka isuswe ngokucophelela.
5.3.3 Xa usebenzisa i-electrodes ene-acidic, i-slag kufuneka ibe emva kwedama elinyibilikisiweyo; xa usebenzisa i-alkaline electrode ukuwelda i-angle angle seams, ukongeza ekukhetheni ngokuchanekileyo i-welding current, i-arc welding emfutshane kufuneka isetyenziswe. Ngelo xesha, i-electrode kufuneka ihanjiswe ngokuchanekileyo ukwenza i-electrode iguqe ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuba i-slag ihambe phezulu.
5.3.4 Sebenzisa i-preheating ngaphambi kwe-welding, ukufudumeza ngexesha le-welding, kunye ne-insulation emva kwe-welding ukuze kuphole ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa ukufakwa kwe-slag.
6. I-Porosity
6.1 I-Phnomenon: Irhasi efunxwe kwintsimbi enyibilikisiweyo yeweld ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda ayinaxesha lokukhutshelwa kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo phambi kokupholisa, kwaye ihlala ngaphakathi kwi-weld ukwenza imingxuma. Ngokwendawo yee-pores, ziyakwazi ukwahlula kwii-pores zangaphakathi nangaphandle; ngokusasazwa kunye nokuma kweziphene ze-pore, ubukho be-pores kwi-weld buya kunciphisa amandla e-weld, kunye nokuvelisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo, ukwandisa ubushushu obuphantsi, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwe-thermal, njl.
6.2 Izizathu
6.2.1 Umgangatho wentonga ye-welding ngokwayo imbi, intonga ye-welding imanzi kwaye ayomiswa ngokweemfuno ezichaziweyo; intonga ye-welding iyancipha okanye ihlulwe; i-welding core i-rusted, njl.
6.2.2 Kukho irhasi eshiyekileyo ekunyibilikeni kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngumzali; intonga ye-welding kunye ne-weldment ihlanjululwe ngokungcola okunjenge-rust kunye neoli, kwaye ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, igesi iveliswa ngenxa ye-gasification ephezulu yokushisa.
6.2.3 I-welder ayinabuchule kwiteknoloji yokusebenza, okanye ingaboni kakuhle kwaye ayikwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye ne-coating, ukwenzela ukuba i-gas kwi-coating ixutywe kunye nesisombululo setsimbi. I-welding current inkulu kakhulu, yenza intonga ye-welding ibomvu kunye nokunciphisa umphumo wokukhusela; ubude be-arc bude kakhulu; i-voltage yonikezelo lwamandla iguquguquka kakhulu, ibangela ukuba i-arc itshise ngokungazinzanga, njl.
6.3 Amanyathelo othintelo nolawulo
6.3.1 Khetha i-welding rods eziqeqeshiweyo, kwaye ungasebenzisi ii-welding rods ezineengubo eziqhekekileyo, ezixotshiweyo, ezonakeleyo, ezigqwesileyo okanye ezinomhlwa kakhulu. Coca i-oil stains kunye ne-rust spots kufuphi ne-weld kunye nomphezulu wentonga ye-welding.
6.3.2 Khetha umsinga ofanelekileyo kwaye ulawule isantya se-welding. Hlaziya i-workpiece ngaphambi kokuba udibanise. Xa ukuwelda kugqityiwe okanye kunqunyanyisiwe, i-arc kufuneka ihoxiswe kancinane, nto leyo enceda ukucothisa isantya sokupholisa sedama elinyibilikisiweyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo, ukuthintela ukwenzeka kweziphene zepore.
6.3.3 Ukunciphisa ukufuma kwendawo yokusebenza ye-welding kunye nokunyusa ubushushu bendawo yokusebenza. Xa udityaniswa ngaphandle, ukuba isantya somoya sifikelela kwi-8m/s, imvula, umbethe, ikhephu, njl. njl., amanyathelo asebenzayo afana nezithinteli-moya kunye neekhenopi kufuneka zithathwe phambi kokusebenza kwe-welding.
7. Ukungaphumeleli ukucoca i-spatter kunye ne-welding slag emva kwe-welding
7.1 I-Fenomenon: Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo, engabukekiyo nje kuphela kodwa inobungozi kakhulu. I-spatter ye-Fusible iya kwandisa isakhiwo esiqinileyo somphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa iziphene ezifana nokuqina kunye nokubola kwendawo.
7.2 Izizathu
7.2.1 Isikhumba seyeza se-welding material simanzi kwaye sisonakala ngexesha lokugcinwa, okanye intonga ye-welding ekhethiweyo ayihambelani nezinto zomzali.
7.2.2 Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ze-welding akuhambelani neemfuno, i-AC kunye ne-DC izixhobo ze-welding azihambelani nezixhobo ze-welding, indlela yokudibanisa i-polarity yomgca wesibini we-welding ayilunganga, i-welding current inkulu, i-weld groove edge. ingcoliswe yi-debris kunye ne-oil stains, kunye ne-welding environment ayihambelani neemfuno ze-welding.
7.2.3 Umsebenzisi akanazakhono kwaye akasebenzi kwaye akakhuseli ngokwemigaqo.
7.3 Amanyathelo othintelo nolawulo
7.3.1 Khetha izixhobo zokuwelda ezifanelekileyo ngokwezixhobo zomzali zokuwelda.
7.3.2 Intonga ye-welding kufuneka ibe nesixhobo sokumisa kunye nesixhobo sokushisa rhoqo, kwaye kufuneka kubekho i-dehumidifier kunye ne-air conditioner kwigumbi lokumisa, elingekho ngaphantsi kwe-300mm ukusuka emhlabeni kunye nodonga. Ukuseka inkqubo yokwamkela, ukuthumela, ukusebenzisa, kunye nokugcina iintonga ze-welding (ingakumbi kwiinqanawa zoxinzelelo).
7.3.3 Coca isiphelo seweld ukususa ukufuma, amabala e-oyile, nomhlwa kwinkunkuma. Ngexesha leemvula zasebusika, ishedi yokukhusela yakhiwe ukuqinisekisa indawo ye-welding.
7.3.4 Ngaphambi kokuba i-welding metal non-ferrous and stainless steel, i-coatings yokukhusela ingasetyenziselwa kwizinto zomzali kumacala omabini e-weld ukukhusela. Unokukhetha kwakhona iintonga ze-welding, i-welding-coated-coated-welding rods kunye nokukhusela i-argon ukuphelisa i-spatter kunye nokunciphisa i-slag.
7.3.5 Ukusebenza kwe-welding kufuna ukucocwa kwangethuba kwe-welding slag kunye nokhuseleko.
8. Isiva seArc
I-8.1 I-Phenomenon: Ngenxa yokusebenza ngokungakhathali, intonga ye-welding okanye i-welding handle idibanisa i-weldment, okanye i-wire wire idibanisa i-workpiece kakubi, ibangela i-arc ixesha elifutshane, ishiya i-arc scar kwi-workpiece surface.
8.2 Isizathu: Umqhubi we-welding wombane akanankathalo kwaye akathathi amanyathelo okukhusela kunye nokugcina izixhobo.
8.3 Amanyathelo okuthintela: Ii-welders kufuneka zihlolisise rhoqo i-insulation ye-welding handle wire kunye ne-ground wire esetyenzisiweyo, kwaye zibophe ngexesha ukuba zonakaliswe. Ucingo lomhlaba kufuneka lufakwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye luthembekile. Musa ukuqala i-arc ngaphandle kwe-weld xa udibanisa. I-welding clamp kufuneka ibekwe yodwa kwizinto zomzali okanye ixhonywe ngokufanelekileyo. Sika unikezelo lwamandla ngexesha xa ungafakwanga. Ukuba imikrwelo ye-arc ifunyenwe, kufuneka ikhazimliswe ngevili lokusila lombane ngexesha. Ngenxa yokuba kwizinto zokusebenza ezineemfuno zokumelana ne-corrosion njengensimbi engenasici, i-arc scars iya kuba yindawo yokuqala yokubola kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwezinto.
9. Weld amanxeba
I-9.1 I-Phenomenon: Ukungaphumeleli ukucoca izibazi ze-weld emva kwe-welding kuya kuchaphazela umgangatho we-macroscopic wesixhobo, kunye nokuphathwa okungafanelekanga kuya kubangela ukuqhekeka komhlaba.
I-9.2 Isizathu: Ngexesha lokuveliswa kunye nokufakwa kwezixhobo ezingekho mgangathweni, izixhobo zokubeka i-welding zibangelwa xa zisuswa emva kokugqitywa.
9.3 Amanyathelo othintelo: Izixhobo zokuxhoma ezisetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuhlanganisa kufuneka zikhazimliswe ngevili lokusila ukuze zigungxulwe ngezinto zomzali emva kokususwa. Musa ukusebenzisa i-sledgehammer ukunkqonkqoza kwi-fixtures ukunqanda ukonakalisa imathiriyeli yomzali. Imingxuma ye-arc kunye nemikrwelo enzulu kakhulu ngexesha le-welding yombane kufuneka ilungiswe kwaye ipoliswe ngevili lokusila ukuze igungxulwe ngezinto zomzali. Ngethuba nje ubeka ingqalelo ngexesha lokusebenza, esi siphene sinokupheliswa.
10. Ukungena okungaphelelanga
10.1 I-Phnomenon: Ngexesha le-welding, ingcambu ye-weld ayidityaniswanga ngokupheleleyo nemathiriyeli yomzali okanye imathiriyeli yomzali kunye nemathiriyeli yomzali ayidityaniswanga ngokuyinxenye. Esi siphene sibizwa ngokuba kukungenwa okungaphelelanga okanye ukudityaniswa okungaphelelanga. Iyanciphisa iipropathi zemishini yokudibanisa kwaye iya kubangela uxinzelelo kunye nokuqhekeka kule ndawo. Kwi-welding, nayiphi na i-weld ayivumelekanga ukuba ibe nokungena okungaphelelanga.
10.2 Oonobangela
10.2.1 I-groove ayicutshungulwa ngokwemigaqo, ubukhulu bomphetho obunzima bukhulu kakhulu, kwaye i-angle ye-groove okanye i-gap yendibano incinci kakhulu.
10.2.2 Xa i-welding ephindwe kabini, ingcambu yangasemva ayicocwanga kakuhle okanye amacala e-groove kunye ne-interlayer weld ayicocwa, ukwenzela ukuba i-oxides, i-slag, njl.
10.2.3 Umtshisi akanasakhono sokusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-welding current inkulu kakhulu, isiseko sesiseko asizange sincibilike, kodwa intonga ye-welding iyancibilika, ukwenzela ukuba izinto ezisisiseko kunye nentonga ye-welding efakwe kwintsimbi ayidibanisi kunye; xa umsinga umncinci kakhulu; isantya sentonga ye-welding ikhawuleza kakhulu, izinto ezisisiseko kunye nentonga ye-welding efakwe kwintsimbi ayinakuxutywa kakuhle; ekusebenzeni, i-angle yentonga ye-welding ayilunganga, ukunyibilika kuxhomekeke kwelinye icala, okanye i-phenomenon yokuvuthela ngexesha le-welding iya kwenzeka, eya kubangela ukungena okungaphelelanga apho i-arc ayikwazi ukwenza.
10.3 Amanyathelo othintelo
10.3.1 Inkqubo kwaye uhlanganise isithuba ngokwesayizi yegroove echazwe kumzobo woyilo okanye umgangatho wokucacisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-28-2024
