Ihashe elilungileyo lidinga isali elungileyo kwaye lisebenzisa izixhobo zomatshini eziphambili zeCNC. Ukuba izixhobo ezingalunganga zisetyenzisiwe, aziyi kuba luncedo! Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zesixhobo kunempembelelo enkulu kubomi benkonzo yesixhobo, ukusebenza kakuhle, umgangatho wokuqhuba kunye neendleko zokusetyenzwa. Eli nqaku libonelela ngolwazi oluluncedo malunga nolwazi lwemela, liqokelele kwaye lidlulisele phambili, masifunde kunye.
Izixhobo zesixhobo kufuneka zibe neempawu ezisisiseko
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zesixhobo kunempembelelo enkulu kubomi besixhobo, ukusebenza kakuhle, umgangatho wokucubungula kunye neendleko zokulungisa. Izixhobo kufuneka zimelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, ukukhuhlana, impembelelo kunye nokungcangcazela xa usika. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zesixhobo kufuneka zibe nezi zinto zilandelayo:
(1) Ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Ukuqina kwesixhobo sesixhobo kufuneka kube phezulu kunokuqina kwesixhobo sokusebenza, esifuneka ngokubanzi sibe ngaphezulu kwe-60HRC. Ukuphakama kobunzima besixhobo sesixhobo, bhetele ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka.
(2) Amandla kunye nokuqina. Izixhobo zesixhobo kufuneka zibe namandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina ukumelana namandla okusika, impembelelo kunye nokungcangcazela, kunye nokuthintela ukuphuka kwe-brittle kunye nokutshiphuzwa kwesixhobo.
(3) Ukumelana nobushushu. Isixhobo sesixhobo sinokuxhathisa ubushushu obuhle, sinokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye sinokumelana ne-oxidation elungileyo.
(4) Inkqubo yokusebenza kunye noqoqosho. Izixhobo zesixhobo kufuneka zibe nokusebenza kakuhle kokwenza, ukusebenza konyango lobushushu, ukusebenza kwe-welding; umsebenzi wokusila, njl., kwaye kufuneka ulandele umlinganiselo ophezulu wexabiso lentsebenzo.
Iintlobo, iipropati, iimpawu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli yesixhobo
1. Izixhobo zesixhobo sedayimani
Idayimane yi-allotrope yekhabhoni kwaye yeyona nto inzima efumaneka kwindalo. Izixhobo zokusika idayimani zinobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kunye ne-thermal conductivity ephezulu, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekusetyenzweni kweentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous kunye nezixhobo ezingezo zetsimbi. Ngokukodwa kwi-high-speed cutting ye-aluminium kunye ne-silicon-aluminium alloys, izixhobo zedayimane zona zixhobo ziphambili zokusika okunzima ukuzitshintsha. Izixhobo zedayimani ezinokuthi zifezekise ukusebenza kakuhle, uzinzo oluphezulu, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende ziyimfuneko kwaye zibalulekile izixhobo zomatshini zanamhlanje ze-CNC.
⑴ Iintlobo zezixhobo zedayimani
① Izixhobo zedayimani zendalo: Iidayimani zendalo zisetyenziswe njengezixhobo zokusika amakhulu eminyaka. Izixhobo zedayimani zekristale enye yendalo ziye zaculwa kakuhle ukwenza umda wokusika ube bukhali kakhulu. I-radius ye-cuting edge inokufikelela kwi-0.002μm, enokufikelela kwi-ultra-thin cutting. Iyakwazi ukujongana nokuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kunye noburhabaxa obuphantsi kakhulu bomphezulu. Sisixhobo esamkelwayo, esifanelekileyo kunye nesingenakuphinda sithathelwe indawo sokuchaneka kwe-ultra-chaneke.
② Izixhobo zokusika idayimane zePCD: Iidayimani zendalo zibiza kakhulu. Idayimani esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-cutting processing yi-polycrystalline diamond (PCD). Ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, idayimane ye-polycrystalline (i-polycrystauine diamond, ebizwa ngokuba yi-PCD blades) elungiselelwe ngokusebenzisa i-high-temperature kunye ne-high-pressure synthesis technology iye yaphuhliswa. Emva kokuphumelela kwayo, izixhobo zokusika idayimani yendalo ziye zatshintshwa yidayimani eyenziwe nge-polycrystalline kumaxesha amaninzi. Izinto ze-PCD ekrwada zizityebi kwimithombo, kwaye ixabiso lazo limbalwa ukuya kwisishumi sedayimani yendalo. Izixhobo zokusika ze-PCD azinakuba phantsi ukuvelisa izixhobo zokusika ezibukhali kakhulu. Umgangatho womphezulu we-cut edge kunye ne-workpiece esetyenzisiweyo ayilunganga njengedayimane yendalo. Akukabikho lula ukwenza iiblayidi zePCD ezineziqhekeza zetshiphu kushishino. Ke ngoko, i-PCD inokusetyenziselwa kuphela ukusika okuchanekileyo kweentsimbi ezingezizo iintsimbi kunye nezingezizo iintsimbi, kwaye kunzima ukufezekisa ukusika kwe-ultra-high precision cut. Ukusika isipili esichanekileyo.
③ Izixhobo zokusika idayimani zeCVD: Ukusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 ukuya ekuqaleni koo-1980, iteknoloji yedayimani yeCVD yavela eJapan. Idayimani ye-CVD ibhekisa kusetyenziso lwekhemikhali yokubeka umphunga (CVD) ukudibanisa ifilimu yedayimani kwimatrix engafaniyo (efana nekhabhide enesamente, iiseramikhi, njl. njl.). Idayimani ye-CVD inesakhiwo esifanayo kunye neempawu njengedayimani yendalo. Ukusebenza kwedayimani yeCVD kusondele kakhulu kwidayimani yendalo. Ineengenelo zedayimani yekristale enye yendalo kunye nedayimani ye-polycrystalline (PCD), kwaye yoyisa iintsilelo zabo kwinqanaba elithile.
⑵ Iimpawu zokusebenza kwezixhobo zedayimani
① Ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokunganyangeki: Idayimani yendalo yeyona nto inzima efumaneka kwindalo. Idayimani inokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kakhulu. Xa kucutshungulwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ubomi bezixhobo zedayimani buphindwe ka-10 ukuya kwangama-100 kunezixhobo ze-carbide, okanye namaxesha angamakhulu.
② Inomlinganiso ophantsi kakhulu wokukhuhlana: I-coefficient ye-friction phakathi kwedayimani kunye nezinye isinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous ziphantsi kunezinye izixhobo zokusika. I-coefficient ye-friction iphantsi, i-deformation ngexesha lokucubungula incinci, kwaye amandla okusika angancitshiswa.
③ Umphetho wokusika ubukhali kakhulu: Incam yokusika yesixhobo sedayimani inokucolwa kakhulu. Isixhobo sedayimane se-crystal yendalo enye sinokuphakama njenge-0.002 ~ 0.008μm, esinokuqhuba ukusika kwe-ultra-thin kunye ne-ultra-precision processing.
④ I-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal: Idayimane ine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal kunye ne-thermal diffusivity, ngoko ke ukusika ukushisa kutshatyalaliswa lula kwaye ubushushu becala lokusika isixhobo liphantsi.
⑤ Inomlinganiselo ophantsi wokwandiswa kwe-thermal: I-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal yedayimani incinci kaninzi kune-carbide enesamente, kwaye utshintsho lobungakanani besixhobo esibangelwa kukusika ubushushu luncinci kakhulu, olubaluleke kakhulu ekuchanekeni kunye nokuchaneka kwe-ultra-precision machining. ifuna ukuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu.
⑶ Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zedayimani
Izixhobo zedayimani zisetyenziselwa ukusika kakuhle kunye nokukruqula iintsimbi ezingezizo ezoni kunye nezixhobo ezingezizo ezentsimbi ngesantya esiphezulu. Ilungele ukusetyenzwa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zeentsimbi ezinganyangekiyo ezinxitywayo, ezinje nge-fiberglass powder metallurgy blanks, imathiriyeli yeseramic, njl.; iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous-resistant, ezifana ne-silicon-aluminium alloys eyahlukeneyo; kunye nokugqiba ukusetyenzwa kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezingenayo i-ferrous.
Ukungalungi kwezixhobo zedayimani kukuba zinozinzo olubi lwe-thermal. Xa ubushushu bokusika budlula i-700 ℃ ~ 800 ℃, baya kuphulukana ngokupheleleyo nobulukhuni babo. Ukongeza, azifanelekanga ukusika iintsimbi zentsimbi kuba idayimane (ikhabhoni) isabela ngokulula ngentsimbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Isenzo seathom siguqula iiathom zekhabhoni zibe yigraphite, kwaye isixhobo sonakala lula.
2. Cubic boron nitride isixhobo isixhobo
I-Cubic boron nitride (CBN), i-second superhard material eyenziwe kusetyenziswa indlela efana nokuveliswa kwedayimane, okwesibini kuphela kwidayimani ngokobulukhuni kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-thermal. Inozinzo olubalaseleyo lwe-thermal kwaye inokufudunyezwa ukuya kwi-10,000C emoyeni. Akukho oxidation eyenzekayo. I-CBN ineempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzile ngokugqithisileyo kwiintsimbi zentsimbi kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekusetyenzweni kweemveliso zentsimbi.
⑴ Iindidi zezixhobo zokusika ze-boron nitride
I-Cubic boron nitride (CBN) yinto engekho kwindalo. Yahlulwe yaba yikristale enye kunye ne-polycrystalline, oko kukuthi i-CBN ikristale enye kunye ne-polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (i-Polycrystalline cubic bornnitride, i-PCBN ngokufutshane). I-CBN yenye yeallotropes ye-boron nitride (BN) kwaye inesakhiwo esifana nedayimane.
I-PCBN (i-polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) yimathiriyeli ye-polycrystalline apho izinto ezintle ze-CBN zixutywa kunye ngezigaba zokubopha (TiC, TiN, Al, Ti, njl.) phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Ngoku iyeyesibini eyona nto inzima eyenziweyo eyenziweyo. Imathiriyeli yesixhobo sedayimani, kunye nedayimani, ngokudibeneyo ibizwa ngokuba yimathiriyeli yesixhobo esinzima kakhulu. I-PCBN isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza iimela okanye ezinye izixhobo.
Izixhobo zokusika ze-PCBN zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamagqabi e-PCBN aqinileyo kunye neencakuba ze-PCBN ezihlanganisiweyo ezine-carbide.
I-PCBN i-composite blades yenziwe nge-sintering layer ye-PCBN enobunzima be-0.5 ukuya kwi-1.0mm kwi-carbide enesamente enamandla kunye nokuqina. Ukusebenza kwayo kudibanisa ubunzima obuhle kunye nobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqoka. Isombulula iingxaki zamandla okugoba aphantsi kunye ne-welding enzima ye-CBN blades.
⑵ Iipropati eziphambili kunye neempawu ze-cubic boron nitride
Nangona ubunzima be-cubic boron nitride bungaphantsi kancinane kunedayimane, buphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu. Inzuzo ebalaseleyo ye-CBN kukuba ukuzinza kwayo kwe-thermal kuphezulu kakhulu kunedayimani, ukufikelela kumaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwe-1200 ° C (i-diamond yi-700-800 ° C). Enye inzuzo ebalaseleyo kukuba i-inert yekhemikhali kwaye ayifuni ngentsimbi kwi-1200-1300 ° C. ukusabela. Iimpawu eziphambili zokusebenza ze-cubic boron nitride zilandelayo.
① Ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba: Ubume bekristale ye-CBN iyafana nedayimani, kwaye inobulukhuni obufanayo kunye namandla kwidayimani. I-PCBN ilungele ukusetyenzwa kobulukhuni obuphezulu obunokuthi bubekwe ngaphambili, kwaye inokufumana umgangatho ongcono womphezulu we-workpiece.
② Ukuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal: Ukumelana nobushushu kwe-CBN kunokufikelela kwi-1400 ~ 1500℃, ephantse ibe ngamaxesha angama-1 aphezulu kunokumelana nobushushu kwedayimane (700 ~ 800℃). Izixhobo ze-PCBN zinokunqumla i-alloys ephezulu yokushisa kunye nentsimbi eqinile ngesantya esiphezulu se-3 ukuya kumaxesha angama-5 aphezulu kunezixhobo ze-carbide.
③ Ukuzinza kweekhemikhali okugqwesileyo: Akukho ukusebenzisana kweekhemikhali kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe kwintsimbi ukuya kwi-1200-1300 ° C, kwaye ayiyi kunxiba ngokukhawuleza njengedayimane. Ngeli xesha, isenako ukugcina ubulukhuni be-carbide enesamente; Izixhobo ze-PCBN zifanelekile ukusika intsimbi ecinyiweyo Amacandelo kunye nentsimbi epholileyo epholileyo, ingasetyenziselwa ngokubanzi kwi-high-speed cutting of iron cast.
④ Ukuqhuba kakuhle kwe-thermal: Nangona i-thermal conductivity ye-CBN ingenako ukuhambelana nedayimani, i-thermal conductivity ye-PCBN phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zesibini kuphela kwidayimane, kwaye iphezulu kakhulu kune-high-speed steel and cemented carbide.
⑤ Unomlinganiso ophantsi wokukhuhlana: I-coefficient ephantsi yokubambisana ingakhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla okusika ngexesha lokusika, ukunciphisa ukushisa okusikiweyo, kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho womatshini owenziweyo.
⑶ Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusika ze-cubic boron nitride
I-Cubic boron nitride ilungele ukugqiba izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinzima-ukusika ezifana nentsimbi ecinyiweyo, intsimbi eqinile, i-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu, i-carbide enesamente, kunye nezixhobo zokutshiza. Ukuchaneka kokucubungula kunokufikelela kwi-IT5 (umngxuma yi-IT6), kwaye ixabiso le-roughness ye-surface lingaba lincinci njenge-Ra1.25 ~ 0.20μm.
Isixhobo seCubic boron nitride sinokuqina okulambathayo kunye namandla okugoba. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zokuguqula i-cubic boron nitride azifanelekanga umatshini orhabaxa ngesantya esiphantsi kunye nemithwalo yempembelelo ephezulu; Kwangaxeshanye, azifanelekanga ukusika izinto ezineplastikhi ephezulu (ezifana ne-aluminium alloys, ialloys zethusi, i-nickel-based alloys, iintsimbi ezineplastikhi ephezulu, njl. njl. ngentsimbi, ukuwohloka komgangatho owenziwe ngoomatshini.
3. izixhobo ze-ceramic izixhobo
Izixhobo zokusika i-Ceramic zineempawu zobunzima obuphezulu, ukunyanzeliswa kokunxiba kakuhle, ukumelana nobushushu obugqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, kwaye akulula ukubopha ngentsimbi. Izixhobo zeCeramic zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-CNC machining. Izixhobo zeCeramic ziye zaba sesinye sezixhobo eziphambili zokusika isantya esiphezulu kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezinzima kumatshini. Izixhobo zokusika i-Ceramic zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-high-speed cutting, ukusika okomileyo, ukusika okunzima kunye nokusika izinto ezinzima kumatshini. Izixhobo ze-Ceramic ziyakwazi ukucubungula ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo eziphezulu ezilukhuni ukuba izixhobo zendabuko zingenako konke, ziqonda "ukuguqula endaweni yokugaya"; isantya esilungileyo sokusika izixhobo ze-ceramic sinokuba ngamaxesha angama-2 ukuya kuma-10 aphezulu kunezo zixhobo ze-carbide, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe kakhulu ukuveliswa kwemveliso. ; Iimathiriyeli eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-ceramic izixhobo zezona zinto zininzi kwi-crust yomhlaba. Ke ngoko, ukunyuswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-ceramic kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni imveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenzwa, kunye nokugcina iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Kwakhona kuya kukhuthaza kakhulu ukuphuhliswa kweteknoloji yokusika. inkqubela.
⑴ Iintlobo zezixhobo ze-ceramic
Iindidi zezixhobo ze-Ceramic zinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezintathu: iiseramikhi ezisekwe kwi-alumina, iiseramikhi ezisekelwe kwi-silicon nitride, kunye ne-silicon nitride-alumina-based based ceramics. Phakathi kwazo, i-alumina-based kunye ne-silicon nitride-based based tool materials zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukusebenza kweeseramics ezisekwe kwi-silicon nitride kuphezulu kunoko kwe-alumina-based ceramics.
⑵ Ukusebenza kunye neempawu zezixhobo zokusika i-ceramic
① Ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokuchasana kakuhle kokugqoka: Nangona ubunzima bezixhobo zokusika i-ceramic abukho phezulu njenge-PCD kunye ne-PCBN, buphezulu kakhulu kune-carbide kunye nezixhobo zokusika isinyithi, ukufikelela kwi-93-95HRA. Izixhobo zokusika i-Ceramic ziyakwazi ukucubungula izinto eziphezulu ezinzima ekunzima ukuzisebenzisa kunye nezixhobo zokusika zendabuko kwaye zifanelekile ukusika ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusika okunzima.
② Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuchasana nokushisa okulungileyo: Izixhobo zokusika i-Ceramic zisenako ukusika kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu ngaphezu kwe-1200 ° C. Izixhobo zokusika i-Ceramic zinezixhobo ezilungileyo zokushisa eziphezulu zokushisa. Izixhobo zokusika ii-ceramic ze-A12O3 zinokuxhathisa okulungileyo kwi-oxidation. Nangona i-cut cut ikwimeko ebomvu-eshushu, ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ke ngoko, izixhobo ze-ceramic zinokufezekisa ukusika okomileyo, ngaloo ndlela zisusa isidingo sokusika ulwelo.
③ Uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali: Izixhobo zokusika i-Ceramic akulula ukubopha ngesinyithi, kwaye zi-corrosion-resistant-resistant-resistant kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo, ezinokunciphisa ukudibanisa kwezixhobo zokusika.
④ I-coefficient ye-friction ephantsi: Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezixhobo ze-ceramic kunye nesinyithi sincinci, kwaye i-friction coefficient iphantsi, enokunciphisa amandla okusika kunye nokushisa okusika.
⑶ Iimela zeCeramic zinezicelo
I-Ceramics yenye yezixhobo zesixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukugqiba ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nokugqiba. Izixhobo zokusika i-Ceramic zifanelekile ukusika iintsimbi ezityhidiweyo (intsimbi engwevu, isinyithi sentsimbi, isinyithi esithambileyo, intsimbi epholileyo epholileyo, i-alloy high-resistant cast cast iron) kunye nezixhobo zetsimbi (i-carbon structural iron, i-alloy structural iron, intsimbi enamandla amakhulu, intsimbi ephezulu yemanganese, intsimbi ecinyiweyo njl.njl.), ingasetyenziselwa ukusika iialloyi zobhedu, igraphite, iiplastiki zobunjineli kunye nezinto ezihlanganisiweyo.
Iipropati eziphathekayo zezixhobo zokusika i-ceramic zineengxaki zamandla okugoba okuphantsi kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo embi, okwenza ukuba bangafaneleki ukusika ngesantya esiphantsi kunye phantsi kwemithwalo yempembelelo.
4. Izixhobo zesixhobo ezigqunyiweyo
Izixhobo zokusika i-coating enye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokuphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo. Ukuvela kwezixhobo ezigqunyiweyo kwazisa impumelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kokusika izixhobo zokusika. Izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zidityaniswe nenye okanye ngaphezulu kweekhompawundi eziphikisayo ezinokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle kumzimba wesixhobo ngokuqina okuhle. Idibanisa i-matrix yesixhobo kunye ne-coating enzima, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwesixhobo. Izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokusebenza, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenzwa.
Ngokumalunga ne-80% yezixhobo zokusika ezisetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezintsha zomshini we-CNC zisebenzisa izixhobo eziboshwe. Izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo ziya kuba zezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo ezahlukeneyo kwintsimi ye-CNC machining kwixesha elizayo.
⑴ Iindidi zezixhobo ezigqunyiweyo
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugquma, izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zinokwahlulwa zibe yikhemikhali yokubeka umphunga (CVD) izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zomphunga (PVD). Izixhobo zokusika i-carbide ezigqunyiweyo ngokubanzi zisebenzisa indlela yokubeka umphunga wekhemikhali, kwaye ubushushu bokubeka bujikeleze i-1000 ° C. Izixhobo zokusika intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu zisebenzisa indlela yokubeka umphunga womzimba, kwaye ubushushu bokubekwa bujikeleze i-500 ° C;
Ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-substrate zezixhobo ezigqunyiweyo, izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zinokwahlulwa zibe zizixhobo ezigqunywe nge-carbide, izixhobo ezigqunywe ngentsimbi yesantya esiphezulu, kunye nezixhobo ezigqunyiweyo kwi-ceramics kunye ne-superhard materials (diamond kunye ne-cubic boron nitride).
Ngokweempawu zemathiriyeli yokugquma, izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini, ezizezi, izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo “ezilukhuni” kunye nezixhobo ‘ezithambileyo’ ezigqunyiweyo. Iinjongo eziphambili ezilandelwa "zilukhuni" izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zinobulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba Iinzuzo zayo eziphambili bubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ngokuqhelekileyo i-TiC kunye neengubo ze-TiN. Injongo elandelwa zizixhobo zokugquma "ezithambileyo" yi-coefficient ephantsi ye-friction, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-self-lubricating tools, i-friction kunye ne-workpiece material I-coefficient iphantsi kakhulu, kuphela malunga ne-0.1, enokunciphisa ukubambelela, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana, kunye nokunciphisa ukusika. amandla kunye nobushushu bokusika.
Izixhobo zokusika iiNanocoating (Nanoeoating) zisanda kuphuhliswa. Izixhobo ezinjalo ezigqunyiweyo zingasebenzisa ukudibanisa okuhlukeneyo kwezinto zokugqoka (njengesinyithi / isinyithi, isinyithi / i-ceramic, i-ceramic / i-ceramic, njl.) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza. I-nano-coatings eyenziwe ngokufanelekileyo inokwenza izixhobo zesixhobo zibe nemisebenzi emihle kakhulu yokunciphisa i-friction kunye ne-anti-wear and self-lubricating properties, ezenza ukuba zilungele ukusika okomileyo.
⑵ Iimpawu zezixhobo zokusika ezigqunyiweyo
① Ukusebenza kakuhle koomatshini kunye nokusika: Izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zidibanisa iipropathi ezigqwesileyo zesiseko kunye nemathiriyeli yokugquma. Abagcini nje ukugcina ubunzima obuhle kunye namandla aphezulu ezinto ezisisiseko, kodwa banobunzima obuphezulu, ukuxhatshazwa okuphezulu kunye ne-coefficient ephantsi ye-Friction. Ngoko ke, isantya sokusika izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo sinokunyuswa ngamaxesha angaphezu kwama-2 kunezixhobo ezingabonakaliyo, kwaye amazinga aphezulu okutya avunyelwe. Ubomi bezixhobo ezigqunyiweyo nazo ziphuculwe.
② Ukuguquguquka okunamandla: Izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zinokuguquguquka okubanzi kwaye zandisa kakhulu uluhlu lokusetyenzwa. Isixhobo esinye esigqunyiweyo sinokuthatha indawo yezixhobo ezininzi ezingagqunywanga.
③ Ubukhulu bokugquma: Njengoko ubukhulu bokwambathisa busanda, ubomi besixhobo buya kwanda, kodwa xa ubukhulu bokwambathisa bufikelela ekuzaliseni, ubomi besixhobo abusayi kuphinda bunyuke kakhulu. Xa isambatho sinzima kakhulu, kuya kubangela ukuba kube lula ukukhupha; xa isambatho sincinci kakhulu, ukunyanzeliswa kokugqoka kuya kuba buthathaka.
④ Ukugcinwa kwakhona: Iiblawudi ezigqunyiweyo zinokuphinda zibuyekeke kakubi, izixhobo zokugquma ezintsonkothileyo, iimfuno zenkqubo ephezulu, kunye nexesha elide lokugquma.
⑤ Izinto zokugquma: Izixhobo ezinezixhobo zokugquma ezahlukeneyo zineentsebenzo ezahlukeneyo zokusika. Umzekelo: xa usika ngesantya esiphantsi, i-TiC yokugqoka ineenzuzo; xa usika ngesantya esiphezulu, i-TiN ifaneleka ngakumbi.
⑶Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusika ezigqunyiweyo
Izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo zinamandla amakhulu kwintsimi ye-CNC machining kwaye iya kuba sesona sixhobo sibalulekileyo esahlukileyo kwintsimi ye-CNC machining kwixesha elizayo. Itekhnoloji yokugquma isetyenziselwe ukuphelisa ii-mill, ii-reamers, ii-drill bits, izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zokulungisa umngxuma, izixhobo zokulungisa umngxuma, ii-gear shaper cutters, ii-gear cutters, ii-broaches zokwenza ii-broaches kunye nokufakwa kwezalathiso ezahlukahlukeneyo zomatshini ukukhawulelana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusika ngesantya esiphezulu. Iimfuno zezinto ezifana nentsimbi kunye nentsimbi, i-alloys ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu kunye neentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous.
5. Izinto zesixhobo seCarbide
Izixhobo zokusika i-Carbide, ngokukodwa izixhobo zokusika i-carbide indexable, ziyimveliso ehamba phambili ye-CNC machining tools. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1980s, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokusika i-carbide ezidibeneyo kunye ne-indexable indexable okanye ukufakwa ziye zandiswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Iindidi zezixhobo zokusika izixhobo, apho izixhobo ze-carbide ezibonakalisiweyo zandisiwe ukusuka kwizixhobo ezilula zokuguqula kunye nabasiki be-milling ebusweni ukuya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuchaneka, ezinzima, kunye nokwenza izixhobo.
⑴ Iintlobo zezixhobo zokusika i-carbide
Ngokutsho kokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali eziphambili, i-carbide ene-cemented ingahlulwa ibe yi-tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide kunye ne-titanium carbon (nitride) (TiC (N))-based cemented carbide.
I-tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide ibandakanya iintlobo ezintathu: i-tungsten cobalt (YG), i-tungsten cobalt titanium (YT), kunye ne-carbide enqabileyo eyongeziweyo (YW). Nganye ineengenelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingeloncedo ngayo. Amacandelo aphambili yi-tungsten carbide (WC) kunye ne-titanium carbide. (TiC), i-tantalum carbide (TaC), i-niobium carbide (NbC), njl njl. Isigaba esiqhelekileyo sokudibanisa isinyithi yi-Co.
I-Titanium carbon (nitride)-based cemented carbide yi-carbide ene-cemented kunye ne-TiC njengenxalenye ephambili (ezinye zongeza ezinye i-carbides okanye i-nitrides). Izigaba ezixhaphakileyo zokudibanisa isinyithi yi-Mo kunye ne-Ni.
I-ISO (i-International Organisation for Standardization) ihlula i-carbide kwiindidi ezintathu:
Udidi K, kuquka i-Kl0 ~ K40, ilingana neklasi ye-YG yelizwe lam (elona candelo yi-WC.Co).
Udidi lwe-P, oluquka i-P01 ~ P50, lulingana nodidi lwelizwe lam lwe-YT (icandelo eliphambili yi-WC.TiC.Co).
Udidi M, kuquka i-M10~M40, lulingana nodidi lwelizwe lam lwe-YW (icandelo eliphambili yi-WC-TiC-TaC(NbC)-Co).
Ibakala ngalinye limele uthotho lwealloyi ukusuka kubulukhuni obuphezulu ukuya kobukhulu obuphezulu ngenani eliphakathi kwe-01 ne-50.
⑵ Iimpawu zokusebenza kwezixhobo zokusika i-carbide
① Ubunzima obuphezulu: Izixhobo zokusika i-Carbide zenziwe nge-carbides ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nenqanaba lokunyibilika (elibizwa ngokuba yisigaba esinzima) kunye nezibophelelo zetsimbi (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bonding phase) ngokusebenzisa i-powder metallurgy, kunye nobunzima be-89 ukuya kwi-93HRA. , iphezulu kakhulu kunentsimbi yesantya esiphezulu. Kwi-5400C, ubunzima busenokufikelela kwi-82 ~ 87HRA, efana nokuqina kwensimbi ephezulu kwiqondo lokushisa (83 ~ 86HRA). Ixabiso lobunzima be-carbide ene-cemented utshintsho kunye nendalo, ubuninzi, ubungakanani be-particle ye-carbides kunye nomxholo wesigaba sokudibanisa isinyithi, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuncipha ngokunyuka komxholo wesigaba sentsimbi. Xa umxholo wesigaba se-binder ufana, ubulukhuni be-alloys ye-YT buphezulu kunobo be-alloys ye-YG, kunye ne-alloys ezongeziweyo nge-TaC (NbC) inobulukhuni obuphezulu bokushisa.
② Amandla okugoba kunye nokuqina: Amandla okugoba e-carbide enesamente esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo akuluhlu lwe-900 ukuya kwi-1500MPa. Okukhona kuphezulu isiqulatho sesigaba sokubopha isinyithi, kokukhona amandla aguquguqukayo aphezulu. Xa umxholo we-binder ufana, amandla ohlobo lwe-YG (WC-Co) i-alloy iphezulu kunohlobo lwe-YT (WC-TiC-Co) i-alloy, kwaye njengoko umxholo we-TiC ukhula, amandla ayancipha. I-carbide ene-cemented yi-brittle material, kwaye impembelelo yayo yokuqina kwiqondo lokushisa kwegumbi yi-1/30 kuphela kwi-1/8 yentsimbi yesantya esiphezulu.
⑶ Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokusika i-carbide
Ingxubevange ye-YG isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukusetyenzwa kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo, iintsimbi ezingenayo intsimbi kunye nemathiriyeli engeyiyo eyentsimbi. I-carbide ene-cemented-grained cemented (efana ne-YG3X, i-YG6X) inobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kune-carbide ephakathi kunye nomxholo we-cobalt ofanayo. Ilungele ukusetyenzwa kwesinyithi esikhethekileyo esiqinileyo, intsimbi ye-austenitic, i-alloy enganyangeki ukushisa, i-Titanium alloy, ubhedu obunzima kunye nezixhobo zokugquma ezinxilisayo, njl.
Iingenelo ezibalaseleyo zohlobo lwe-YT ye-cemented carbide bubunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuhle, ubunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla oxinzelelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunohlobo lwe-YG, kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation elungileyo. Ngoko ke, xa imela kufuneka ibe nokuchasana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, ibakala elinomxholo ophezulu we-TiC kufuneka likhethwe. Ii-alloys ze-YT zilungele ukusetyenzwa kwezixhobo zeplastiki ezifana nentsimbi, kodwa azifanelekanga ukusetyenzwa kwe-titanium alloys kunye ne-silicon-aluminium alloys.
Ingxubevange ye-YW ineempawu ze-YG kunye ne-YT alloys, kwaye ineempawu ezilungileyo ezibanzi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukucubungula intsimbi, isinyithi esityhidiweyo kunye neentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous. Ukuba umxholo we-cobalt wolu hlobo lwe-alloy unyuswe ngokufanelekileyo, amandla anokuba phezulu kakhulu kwaye angasetyenziselwa ukucoca ngokukrakra kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusikwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinzima kumatshini.
6. Izixhobo zokusika isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu
I-Speed Speed Steel (i-HSS) sisixhobo esiphezulu se-alloy esongeza izinto ezixubileyo ezifana ne-W, i-Mo, i-Cr, kunye ne-V. Izixhobo zokusika i-Speed-Speed steel zinomsebenzi ogqwesileyo obanzi ngokwamandla, ukuqina kunye nokuqhubekeka. Kwizixhobo zokusika eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakumbi ezo zinemilo enzima ye-blade efana nezixhobo zokulungisa umngxuma, i-milling cutters, izixhobo zokuthunga, izixhobo ze-broaching, izixhobo zokusika izixhobo, njl., isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu sisasetyenziswa. hlala kwisikhundla esongamileyo. Iimela zetsimbi ezikhawulezayo zilula ukulola ukuvelisa imiphetho ebukhali yokusika.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu sinokwahlulwa sibe yintsimbi ye-speed-high-speed kunye ne-high-performance high-speed steel.
⑴ Izixhobo zokusika intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu
Injongo ngokubanzi intsimbi yesantya esiphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: intsimbi ye-tungsten kunye nentsimbi ye-tungsten-molybdenum. Olu hlobo lwensimbi yesantya esiphezulu luqukethe i-0.7% ukuya kwi-0.9% (C). Ngokutsho komxholo we-tungsten ohlukeneyo kwintsimbi, inokwahlulwa ibe yintsimbi ye-tungsten kunye nomxholo we-W we-12% okanye i-18%, i-tungsten-molybdenum insimbi kunye nomxholo we-W we-6% okanye i-8%, kunye nentsimbi ye-molybdenum enomxholo we-W. ye-2% okanye akukho W. Isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu senjongo ngokubanzi sinobunzima obuthile (i-63-66HRC) kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, ukomelela okuphezulu kunye nokuqina, iplastiki elungileyo kunye neteknoloji yokucubungula, ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinzima.
① Intsimbi ye-Tungsten: Ibakala eliqhelekileyo lenjongo yentsimbi ye-tungsten yentsimbi yesantya esiphezulu yi-W18Cr4V, (ebizwa ngokuba yi-W18). Inokusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi. Ukuqina kobushushu obuphezulu kwi-6000C yi-48.5HRC, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinzima. Ineenzuzo zokusila kakuhle kunye novelwano oluphantsi lwe-decarburization, kodwa ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-carbide, ukusabalalisa okungafaniyo, iinqununu ezinkulu, kunye namandla aphantsi kunye nokuqina.
② Insimbi ye-Tungsten-molybdenum: ibhekisela kwintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu efunyenwe ngokutshintsha inxalenye ye-tungsten kwintsimbi ye-tungsten kunye ne-molybdenum. Ibakala eliqhelekileyo lensimbi ye-tungsten-molybdenum yi-W6Mo5Cr4V2, (ebizwa ngokuba yi-M2). Iinqununu ze-carbide ze-M2 zilungile kwaye zifana, kwaye amandla ayo, ukuqina kunye neplastiki ephezulu yokushisa ingcono kune-W18Cr4V. Olunye uhlobo lwensimbi ye-tungsten-molybdenum yi-W9Mo3Cr4V (W9 emfutshane). Ukuzinza kwayo kwe-thermal kuphezulu kancinci kunentsimbi ye-M2, amandla ayo okugoba kunye nokuqina kungcono kune-W6M05Cr4V2, kwaye inokuqhubekeka kakuhle.
⑵ Izixhobo zokusika isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu
Intsimbi esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu ibhekisa kuhlobo olutsha lwentsimbi olongeza isiqulatho sekhabhoni, isiqulatho se-vanadium, kunye nezinto ezixutywayo ezifana ne-Co kunye ne-Al ekubunjweni kwesinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu senjongo-jikelele, ngaloo ndlela siphucula ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. . Kukho ikakhulu ezi ndidi zilandelayo:
① Isantya esiphezulu sekhabhoni yentsimbi. I-high-carbon high-speed steel (efana ne-95W18Cr4V) inobunzima obuphezulu kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokushisa okuphezulu. Ilungele ukuvelisa kunye nokucubungula intsimbi eqhelekileyo kunye nentsimbi, i-drill bits, i-reamers, iitephu kunye nezisiki zokusila ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokumelana nokunxiba, okanye izixhobo zokulungisa izinto ezinzima. Ayifanelekanga ukumelana neempembelelo ezinkulu.
② Insimbi ephezulu ye-vanadium ephezulu. Amabakala aqhelekileyo, afana ne-W12Cr4V4Mo, (ebizwa ngokuba yi-EV4), anomxholo we-V onyukile ukuya kwi-3% ukuya kwi-5%, anokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, kwaye afanelekele ukusika izinto ezibangela ukunxiba kwesixhobo esikhulu, njengemicu, irabha enzima, iiplastiki. , njl., kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukucutshungulwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ezifana nensimbi engenasici, intsimbi ephezulu kunye ne-alloys ephezulu yokushisa.
③ Cobalt isantya esiphezulu sentsimbi. Yintsimbi ene-cobalt ene-super-hard high-speed steel. Amabanga aqhelekileyo, afana ne-W2Mo9Cr4VCo8, (ebizwa ngokuba yi-M42), anobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu. Ubunzima bayo bunokufikelela kwi-69-70HRC. Kufanelekile ukusetyenzwa kanzima-ukusebenzisa i-steel-high-high-resistant-resistant steels, i-alloys ephezulu yokushisa, i-titanium alloys, njl. Izinto zokucubungula: I-M42 inokugaya kakuhle kwaye ifanelekile ukwenza izixhobo ezichanekileyo kunye neziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ayifanelekanga. ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko zokusika impembelelo.
④ Intsimbi yeAluminiyam yesantya esiphezulu. Yintsimbi ene-aluminiyam ene-super-hard high-speed steel. Amanqaku aqhelekileyo, umzekelo, W6Mo5Cr4V2Al, (ekubhekiswa kuwo njenge-501). Ukuqina kobushushu obuphezulu kwi-6000C nako kufikelela kwi-54HRC. Umsebenzi wokusika ulingana ne-M42. Ilungele ukwenza izixhobo zokusika iintsimbi zokusila, iibhithi zokuqhuba, iireamers, izisiki zegiya, kunye neebroaches. njl., ezisetyenziselwa ukucubungula izinto ezifana nentsimbi ye-alloy, insimbi engenasici, intsimbi ephezulu kunye ne-high-temperature alloys.
⑤ Nitrogen super-hard high-speed steel. Amabanga aqhelekileyo, anje nge-W12M03Cr4V3N, ekubhekiselwa kuwo njenge-(V3N), ziintsimbi ezine-nitrogen ezinobunzima obuphezulu. Ukuqina, ukomelela, kunye nokuqina zilingana ne-M42. Zingasetyenziselwa indawo ye-cobalt equkethe i-steel-speed steels kwaye isetyenziselwa ukusika i-low-speed cut of hard-to-machine materials and low-speed, high-precision steels. ukuqhubekeka.
⑶ Ukunyibilikisa intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu kunye nomgubo wesinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu
Ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa, intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu inokwahlulwa ibe yintsimbi enyibilikisayo enesantya esiphezulu kunye nesinyithi somgubo esinesantya esiphezulu.
① Ukunyibilika kwentsimbi enesantya esiphezulu: Zombini intsimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu kunye nentsimbi esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu zenziwe ngeendlela zokunyibilikisa. Zenziwa iimela ngeenkqubo ezinjengokunyibilikisa, ukuphosa ingot, kunye nokucwenga nokuqengqeleka. Ingxaki enzulu eyenzekayo ngokulula xa i-smelting high-speed steel i-carbide segregation. I-carbides enzima kunye ne-brittle isasazwa ngokungalingani kwintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu, kwaye iinkozo zilukhuni (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-microns ezininzi), ezichaphazela ukunyanzeliswa kokugqoka kunye nokuqina kwezixhobo zetsimbi ezikhawulezayo. kwaye kuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kokusika.
② Isinyithi somgubo wesinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu (PM HSS): Isinyithi somgubo esinesantya esiphezulu (PM HSS) yintsimbi engamanzi enyityiliselwe kwisithando somlilo esinesantya esiphezulu, esine-argon yoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye initrogen esulungekileyo, emva koko yacinywa ukuze ifumane. iikristale ezintle kunye ezifanayo. Isakhiwo (isantya esiphezulu sentsimbi), kwaye emva koko ucinezele umgubo obangelwayo kwimela engenanto phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye uqale wenze i-billet yensimbi uze uyifake kwaye uyiqengqele kwimilo yemela. Xa kuthelekiswa nesinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu esiveliswa yindlela yokunyibilika, i-PM HSS ineenzuzo zokuba iinkozo ze-carbide zilungile kwaye zifana, kwaye amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kuphuculwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ecibilikileyo. Kwinkalo yezixhobo ze-CNC eziyinkimbinkimbi, izixhobo ze-PM HSS ziya kuqhubeka ziphuhlisa kwaye zithathe indawo ebalulekileyo. Amabakala aqhelekileyo, afana ne-F15, FR71, GFl, GF2, GF3, PT1, PVN, njl., ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ubungakanani obukhulu, obunomthwalo onzima, izixhobo zokusika iimpembelelo eziphezulu, kunye nezixhobo zokusika ezichanekileyo.
Imigaqo yoKhetho lweZixhobo ze-CNC
Okwangoku, izixhobo ze-CNC ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zibandakanya izixhobo ze-diamond, izixhobo ze-cubic boron nitride, izixhobo ze-ceramic, izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo, izixhobo ze-carbide, izixhobo zetsimbi ezikhawulezayo, njl. Itheyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa izibonakaliso eziphambili zokusebenza zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo.
Izixhobo zezixhobo ze-CNC machining kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwe-workpiece ecutshungulwayo kunye nohlobo lokulungiswa. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zesixhobo kufuneka kuhambelane ngokufanelekileyo kunye nento yokucubungula. Ukumataniswa kwezixhobo zesixhobo sokusika kunye nezinto zokusetyenzwa ikakhulu kubhekiselele ekulungelelaniseni iipropathi zoomatshini, iipropathi ezibonakalayo kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali ezimbini zokufumana obona bomi besixhobo bude kunye nemveliso ephezulu yokusika.
1. Ukufanisa iimpawu zomatshini zokusika izixhobo zesixhobo kunye nezinto zokucubungula
Ingxaki yokufanisa iimpawu zemishini yesixhobo sokusika kunye nento yokucubungula ngokuyinhloko ibhekisela ekufaniseni iiparamitha zepropathi yomatshini njengamandla, ukuqina kunye nobunzima besixhobo kunye nesixhobo somsebenzi. Izixhobo zesixhobo ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini zifanelekile ukusetyenzwa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
① Umyalelo wobulukhuni besixhobo sesixhobo si: isixhobo sedayimane> isixhobo se-cubic boron nitride> isixhobo se-ceramic> i-tungsten carbide> isantya esiphezulu sentsimbi.
② Umyalelo wamandla okugoba wezixhobo zesixhobo kukuba: intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu > i-carbide enesamente > izixhobo ze-ceramic > idayimane kunye nezixhobo ze-cubic boron nitride.
③ Umyalelo wokuqina kwezixhobo zesixhobo yile: intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu>tungsten carbide>cubic boron nitride, idayimane kunye nezixhobo zeceramic.
Izinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima obuphezulu kufuneka zilungiswe ngezixhobo ezinobunzima obuphezulu. Ukuqina kwesixhobo sesixhobo kufuneka kube phezulu kunokuqina kwesixhobo sokusebenza, esifuneka ngokubanzi sibe ngaphezulu kwe-60HRC. Ukuphakama kobunzima besixhobo sesixhobo, bhetele ukuxhathisa kwayo ukunxiba. Ngokomzekelo, xa umxholo we-cobalt kwi-carbide ene-cemented yanda, amandla ayo kunye nokuqina kwayo kwanda kwaye ubunzima bayo buyancipha, okwenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa umatshini; xa umxholo we-cobalt uyancipha, ubunzima bayo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kwanda, okwenza kube lula ukugqiba.
Izixhobo ezineempawu ezibalaseleyo zobushushu bobushushu obuphezulu zifanelekile ngokukodwa ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kobushushu obuphezulu bezixhobo zokusika i-ceramic kwenza ukuba banqumle ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye isantya esivumelekileyo sokusika sinokuthi sibe ngama-2 ukuya kwamaxesha angama-10 aphezulu kune-carbide ene-cemented.
2. Ukudibanisa iipropati ezibonakalayo zesixhobo sokusika kwizinto ezenziwe ngomatshini
Izixhobo ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ezifana nezixhobo zetsimbi ezinesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-thermal conductivity kunye neqondo eliphantsi lokunyibilika, izixhobo ze-ceramic ezinendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika kunye nokwandiswa kwe-thermal ephantsi, izixhobo zedayimane ezine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal kunye nokwandiswa kwe-thermal ephantsi, njl. ukulungisa izixhobo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo. Xa kusetyenzwa i-workpieces kunye ne-thermal conductivity engafanelekanga, izixhobo zesixhobo ezinomgangatho ongcono we-thermal kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukwenzela ukuba ubushushu bokusika bugqithiswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubushushu bokusika buncitshiswe. Ngenxa ye-thermal conductivity ephezulu kunye ne-thermal diffusivity, idayimani inokubususa ngokulula ubushushu bokusika ngaphandle kokubangela ukuguqulwa kwe-thermal enkulu, ebaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo ezichanekileyo zomatshini ezifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu.
① Ubushushu bokumelana nobushushu bezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo: izixhobo zedayimani ziyi-700 ~ 8000C, izixhobo zePCBN ziyi-13000 ~ 15000C, izixhobo ze-ceramic ziyi-1100 ~ 12000C, i-TiC (N)-based cemented carbide yi-900 ~ 11000C, i-WC-based ultra-based. iinkozo Carbide yi 800 ~ 9000C, HSS yi 600 ~ 7000C.
② Umyalelo we-thermal conductivity yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo: I-PCD>PCBN>I-WC-based cemented carbide>TiC(N)-based cemented carbide>HSS>Si3N4-based ceramics>A1203-based based ceramics.
③ Umyalelo wokwandiswa kwe-thermal coefficients zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo yile: HSS>WC-based cemented carbide>TiC(N)>A1203-based ceramic>PCBN>Si3N4-based ceramic>PCD.
④ Umyalelo we-thermal shock resistance yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo yile: HSS>WC-based cemented carbide>Si3N4-based ceramics>PCBN>PCD>TiC(N)-based cemented carbide>A1203-based ceramics.
3. Ukudibanisa iimpawu zeekhemikhali zesixhobo sokusika kwizinto ezenziwe ngomatshini
Ingxaki yokuthelekisa iimpawu zeekhemikhali zezixhobo zokusika izixhobo kunye nezinto zokucubungula ikakhulu zibhekiselele ekufaniseni iiparitha zokusebenza kweekhemikhali ezifana nokuhambelana kweekhemikhali, ukusabela kweekhemikhali, ukusasazwa kunye nokuchithwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza. Izixhobo ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zifanelekile ukusetyenzwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
① Ukumelana nobushushu bokudibanisa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo (ngentsimbi) yile: PCBN>i-ceramic>tungsten carbide>HSS.
② Ubushushu bokumelana ne-oxidation yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo yile: ceramic>PCBN>tungsten carbide>diamond>HSS.
③ Amandla okusasazwa kwezixhobo zesixhobo (kwintsimbi) yile: idayimane>i-Si3N4-based ceramics>PCBN>A1203-based based ceramics. Ubunzulu be-diffusion (ye-titanium) yi: A1203-based ceramic>PCBN>SiC>Si3N4>diamond.
4. Ukukhetha okunengqiqo kwezixhobo zesixhobo se-CNC
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-PCBN, izixhobo ze-ceramic, i-carbide edibeneyo kunye nezixhobo ze-carbide ezisekelwe kwi-TiCN zifanelekile ukusetyenzwa kwe-CNC yesinyithi esinentsimbi njengentsimbi; ngelixa izixhobo ze-PCD zifanelekile kwizinto zetsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous ezifana ne-Al, i-Mg, i-Cu kunye ne-alloys yazo kunye nokuPhathwa kwezinto ezingezizo zetsimbi. Itheyibhile engezantsi idwelisa ezinye zezixhobo zokusebenza ukuba izixhobo ezingentla zilungele ukusetyenzwa.
Izixhobo ze-Xinfa ze-CNC zineempawu zomgangatho omhle kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ngeenkcukacha, nceda undwendwele:
Abavelisi beZixhobo ze-CNC-i-China CNC iFactory yeziXhobo kunye nababoneleli (xinfatools.com)
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-01-2023
