Izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ezifana neebhoyili kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo zifuna ukuba amajoyina adityaniswe ngokukhuselekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yobukhulu besakhiwo kunye nezithintelo zemilo, i-welding ephindwe kabini ngamanye amaxesha ayinakwenzeka. Indlela ekhethekileyo yokusebenza ye-groove enecala elilodwa ingaba yi-welding enye kunye ne-double-sided forming technology, obunzima bokusebenza kwikhono kwi-arc welding manual.
Xa ukuwelda ngokuthe nkqo, ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo, phantsi kwentshukumo yomxhuzulane, amathontsi atyhidiweyo abunjwa kukunyibilika kwe-electrode kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo echibini elinyibilikisiweyo kulula ukuthontsiza ezantsi ukwenza amaqhuma welding kunye nee-undercuts. kumacala omabini e-weld. Xa iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu, ukufakwa kwe-slag kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, kwaye iziphene ezifana nokungena okungaphelelanga kunye neendawo ze-welding zenziwe ngokulula kwicala elingasemva, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza i-welds. Ubushushu bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo akulula ukumisela ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa lihambelana nokumila kunye nobukhulu bechibi elityhidiweyo. Ngoko ke, nje ukuba imilo kunye nobukhulu be-pool etyhidiweyo zijongwa ngononophelo kwaye zilawulwa ngexesha le-welding, ubushushu be-pool etyhidiweyo bunokulawulwa kwaye injongo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding inokufezekiswa.
Ngokutsho kwamava enkosi iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, lo mgaqo ungashwankathelwa ngala mazwi alandelayo:
1. I-angle yentonga ye-welding ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ukucaciswa kwe-welding kubaluleke kakhulu
Ngexesha lokuwelda ngokuthe nkqo, ngenxa yethontsi eyenziwe kukunyibilika kwe-electrode kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo echibini elityhidiweyo, kulula ukuthontsiza phantsi ukwenza i-welding bump, kwaye ii-undercuts zenziwe kumacala omabini e-weld, ewohlokayo. imilo ye weld. Inkosi yeenkcukacha ezichanekileyo ze-welding kwaye ulungelelanise i-angle ye-electrode kunye nesantya se-electrode ngokotshintsho kwimeko ye-welding. I-engile phakathi kwentonga ye-welding kunye nomphezulu we-weldment yi-90 ° kwicala lasekhohlo nasekunene, kunye ne-welding seam.
I-angle ye-welding yi-70 ° ~ 80 ° ekuqaleni kwe-welding, i-45 ° ~ 60 ° phakathi, kunye ne-20 ° ~ 30 ° ekupheleni. I-gap yendibano yi-3-4㎜, kwaye i-electrode encinci ye-diameter Φ3.2㎜ kunye ne-welding encinci yangoku kufuneka ikhethwe. I-welding ephantsi yi-110-115A, i-intermediate transition layer yi-115-120A, kunye ne-cover cover yi-105-110A. . Umsinga ngokuqhelekileyo umncinci kunalowo welding flat
I-12% ukuya kwi-15%, ukwenzela ukunciphisa umthamo we-pool etyhidiweyo, ukwenzela ukuba ingachatshazelwa kancinci ngumxhuzulane, ohambelana ne-droplet eninzi. I-short-arc welding isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umgama ukusuka kwi-droplet ukuya kwi-pool etyhidiweyo ukwenza isiphaluka esifutshane esigqithisileyo.
2. Qwalasela idama lokunyibilika, mamela isandi se-arc, kwaye ugcine ubume bomngxuma onyibilikayo engqondweni.
Ukuxhasa i-welding kwingcambu ye-weld yinto ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding. Indlela yokucima i-arc isetyenziselwa i-welding. I-arc yokucima isingqisho se-welding ethe nkqo icotha kancinane kune-flat welding, amaxesha angama-30 ukuya kuma-40 ngomzuzu. I-arc itshisa kancinane ixesha elide xa iwelding kwindawo nganye, ngoko ke inyama yokuwelda ye-welding ethe nkqo ijiya kunaleyo yewelding ecaba. Xa u-welding, qalisa i-welding ukusuka ekupheleni kwezantsi. I-engile ye-electrode engezantsi imalunga ne-70 ° ~ 80 °. I-welding yokungena yokucofa kabini yamkelwe. I-arc ivutha kwicala le-groove kwaye ishushu kwaye inyibilika ecaleni kwendawo ye-welding ukuya kwingcambu. Xa i-arc ingena Kukho isandi esithi "flutter" esivela kwi-bevel, kwaye xa ubona umgodi oncibilikayo kunye nokubunjwa kwesihlalo se-pool etyhidiweyo, ngokukhawuleza uphakamise i-electrode ukucima i-arc. Emva koko uvuse kwakhona elinye icala lomsele, kwaye ichibi lesibini elityhidiweyo kufuneka licinezele i-1/2 ukuya kwi-2/3 yechibi lokuqala elityhidiweyo elaqala ukuqina, ukuze i-weld yonke ifumaneke ngokusebenzisa ukucima i-arc yasekhohlo nasekunene. ukwaphuka. Ukuguquguquka kwesandla kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukucima i-arc, kwaye i-arc kufuneka icinywe ngokucokisekileyo rhoqo, ukwenzela ukuba i-pool etyhidiweyo ibe nethuba lokuqinisa ngokukhawuleza.
Xa i-arc icinyiwe, umngxuma wokudityaniswa owenziwe ngumphetho ogqabileyo obuthuntu unokubonwa ngokucacileyo. Umngxuma wokudityaniswa kwe-welding ethe nkqo malunga ne-0.8mm, kwaye ubungakanani bomngxuma wokudityaniswa bunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokubunjwa kwecala elingasemva. Umva womngxuma wokudityaniswa awusoloko ungenwa, kwaye ubukhulu bomngxuma wokudityaniswa kufuneka bugcinwe bufana ngexesha lokusebenza, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena okufanayo kwingcambu ye-groove, i-weld bead epheleleyo, kunye nobubanzi obufanayo kunye nokuphakama. Xa i-priming kunye nokutshintsha intonga ye-welding, i-coating ye-joint part kufuneka ihlambuluke rhoqo, kwaye i-arc iphinda iphinde ifakwe kwi-groove, kwaye i-angle yentonga ye-welding iqhubeka idityaniswe malunga ne-10mm kunye ne-weld seam eyenziweyo. kwaye idlulela kwi-weld seam xa ifikelela kuma-90 degrees. Swayipha iziko ekhohlo nasekunene kancinci, kwaye ucinezele i-arc phantsi ngaxeshanye, xa usiva isandi se-arc, kwakhiwa umngxuma onyibilikayo, kwaye i-arc icime ngokukhawuleza, ukuze i-arc ye-electrode ifikelele kwingcambu ye-arc. i-weld, kunye nomngxuma wokunyibilika wenziwe kwaye i-arc icime ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko kuyafana nendlela ye-welding ephantsi ye-electrode yokuqala, ngokutshintshana umjikelo we-arc yokucima ukuphuka ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, gxila kuyo yonke intshukumo, nikela ingqalelo kulwandlalo lomngxuma wokunyibilika kunye nomsantsa onyibilikisiweyo macala omabini, kunye nenyibilikisiwe. i-gap kwingcambu ye-groove, kuphela Inokubonwa xa i-arc ihambela kwelinye icala. Kufunyaniswe ukuba i-edge ebuthuntu ayidityaniswanga kakuhle kwaye i-arc ithotywe kancinci ukufezekisa ukudibanisa okuhle. Ixesha lokucima i-arc lilawulwa de isinye kwisithathu sedama elityhidiweyo lingaqiniswa. Qala kwakhona i-arc.
Xa ucima i-arc, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa i-electrode nganye ingama-80-100mm ubude, i-electrode iya kunyibilika ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokushisa. Ngeli xesha, ixesha lokucima i-arc kufuneka landiswe ukwenza ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo liqine kwangoko, ukuze kuthintelwe ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo lobushushu obuphezulu ukuba lingawi kwaye lenze amagaqa e-welding. . Xa kukho i-30-40mm kuphela eseleyo ye-electrode, lungiselela ukwenza isenzo sokucima i-arc. Qhubeka uwisa kabini okanye kathathu kwelinye icala ledama elinyibilikisiweyo ukwenza ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo liphole kancinane, nto leyo enokuthintela ukushwabana komngxuma kunye neentanda ze-arc crater ngaphambili nangasemva kwentsimbi ye-weld. isiphene.
3. Ubushushu bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo lilawulwa kakuhle, kwaye umgangatho we-weld unokuphuculwa.
Kuyafuneka ukuba amaza e-solder akumaleko aphakathi agudileyo. Kwimigangatho emibini ephakathi, i-diameter ye-electrode yi-φ3.2㎜, i-welding current yi-115-120A, i-angle ye-electrode imalunga ne-70 ° -80 °, kwaye indlela ye-zigzag isetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-angle. ye-electrode, ubude be-arc, isantya se-welding kunye nokuhlala kumacala omabini e-groove. ixesha lokulawula iqondo lobushushu pool otyhidiweyo. Yenza omabini amacala adityaniswe kakuhle kwaye ugcine imilo ye-oblate pool etyhidiweyo.
Xa udibanisa umaleko wesithathu, musa ukulimaza umda we-groove, kwaye ushiye ubunzulu malunga ne-1mm ukwenza yonke intsimbi yokuzalisa ilula. Umda we-groove ngaphezu kobunzulu usetyenziswa njengomgca wesalathiso ukubeka isiseko sobuso bekhava. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-swings ekhohlo nasekunene isetyenziselwa ukumisa ixesha elide kumacala omabini e-groove ukunyibilikisa umda we-groove nge-1-2mm, kunye nokuqinisekisa ubushushu be-pool etyhidiweyo kunye namacala omabini e-groove. Ibhalansi, ikakhulu qwalasela imilo yedama elinyibilikisiweyo, lawula ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo libe kwimilo yecrescent, hlala kancinci kwicala elinechibi elinyibilikisiweyo, kwaye uhlale kakhulu kwicala elinomncinci, kwaye ubale ubude kunye nobubanzi beweld ngelixa udibanisa. . Kuba inyama yewelding ethe nkqo ijiyile kunaleyo yewelding ecaba, qaphela ukumila kwechibi elityhidiweyo kunye nobukhulu benyama yokuwelda. Ukuba umphetho osezantsi wedama elinyibilikisiweyo uphuma kwicala elithambileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ubushushu bedama elinyibilikisiweyo liphezulu kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, ixesha lokutshisa i-arc kufuneka lifinyezwe kwaye i-Arc yokucima ixesha lokunciphisa ubushushu bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo. Iikhreyitha kufuneka zizaliswe phambi kokutshintshwa kwe-electrode ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwecrater.
4. Indlela yokuthutha ichanekile, ukwenzela ukuba i-welding seam yenziwe kakuhle
Xa udibanisa umphezulu wekhava, indlela yokuthutha i-zigzag okanye i-crescent-shaped strip transport inokusetyenziswa ngexesha le-welding. Ukuthuthwa kwe-strip kufuneka kuzinzile, isantya kufuneka sikhawuleze kancinci phakathi kwe-weld bead, kunye nokumisa okufutshane kufuneka kwenziwe emacaleni kumacala omabini e-groove. Inkcazo yenkqubo kukuba i-diameter ye-electrode yi-φ3.2㎜, i-welding current yi-105-110A, i-angle ye-electrode kufuneka igcinwe malunga ne-80 °, i-electrode ijika ngasekhohlo nasekunene ukunyibilikisa umda we-groove. ngo-1-2㎜, kwaye ungcangcazele kancinci phezulu naphantsi xa amacala enqumama. Kodwa xa i-electrode isuka kwelinye icala iye kwelinye, i-arc esembindini iphakanyiselwa kancinane ukujonga imilo yalo lonke idama elityhidiweyo. Ukuba i-pool etyhidiweyo i-flat kunye ne-oval, oko kuthetha ukuba ubushushu be-pool etyhidiweyo bufanelekile ngakumbi, i-welding eqhelekileyo yenziwa, kwaye i-weld surface yenziwe kakuhle. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba isisu sechibi elinyibilikisiweyo siba ngqukuva, oko kuthetha ukuba iqondo lobushushu lechibi elinyibilikisiweyo liphezulu kancinci, kwaye indlela yokuhambisa intonga kufuneka ilungiswe kwangoko, oko kukuthi, ixesha lokuhlala le-electrode kuzo zombini. amacala e-groove kufuneka anyuswe, isantya sokutshintsha phakathi kufuneka sikhawuleze, kwaye ubude be-arc kufuneka bufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba i-pool etyhidiweyo ayikwazi ukubuyiselwa kwi-flat elliptical state, kwaye i-bulge iyanda, oko kuthetha ukuba ubushushu be-pool etyhidiweyo buphezulu kakhulu, kwaye i-arc kufuneka icinywe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-pool etyhidiweyo kufuneka ivunyelwe ukupholisa, kwaye ke uqhubeke ukuwelda emva kokuhla kweqondo lobushushu ledama elinyibilikisiweyo.
Xa ugubungela umphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umda we-weld ulungile. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba i-electrode ye-undercut ihamba kancinci, okanye ihlala ixesha elide ukwenza isiphene, umphezulu unokugudiswa kuphela ukuba umphezulu ugqithise. Xa i-joint cover in welded, ubushushu be-weldment buphantsi, obuxhomekeke kwiziphene ezifana nokuxutywa kakubi, ukufakwa kwe-slag, i-joint disjoint, kunye nokuphakama okugqithisileyo. Ngoko ke, umgangatho wekhava uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuma komphezulu we-weld. Ngoko ke, indlela yokufudumala isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kwi-joint, kwaye i-arc igxothwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi ngokukrazula malunga ne-15mm ngaphezu kwesiphelo se-welding, kwaye i-arc iphakanyiswe yi-3 ukuya kwi-6mm, kunye nendawo yokuqala yokudibanisa. i-seam ifakwe ngaphambili. shushu. Emva koko cinezela i-arc kwaye uyibeke kwi-2/3 ye-arc crater yokuqala ngamaxesha angama-2 ukuya kwe-3 ukufezekisa ukudibanisa okulungileyo kwaye utshintshe kwi-welding eqhelekileyo.
Nangona izikhundla ze-welds zahlukile, nazo zinomgaqo oqhelekileyo. Uqheliselo lubonakalise ukuba ukukhetha iiparamitha zenkqubo yokuwelda ezifanelekileyo, ukugcina i-engile ye-electrode echanekileyo kunye nokulawula iintshukumo ezintathu zentonga yethamsanqa, ukulawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo, ukuwelda Xa welding ngokuthe nkqo, ungafumana umgangatho obalaseleyo we-weld kunye ne-weld entle. ukumila.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-29-2023
