Insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ibhekisela kwintsimbi enezinzo zombini kunye namandla okushisa phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa. Ukuzinza kwe-thermal kubhekisela kwikhono lensimbi yokugcina ukuzinza kweekhemikhali (ukumelana ne-corrosion, i-non-oxidation) phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa. Amandla e-thermal abhekisela kumandla okwaneleyo ensimbi phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa. Ukumelana nobushushu kuqinisekiswa ikakhulu zizinto zealloy ezifana nechromium, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, kunye neniobium. Ngoko ke, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuthunga kufuneka kunqunywe ngokusekelwe kumxholo we-alloy element yesiseko setsimbi. Intsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezixhobo zepetroleum kunye nepetrochemical industry. Uninzi lwentsimbi ye-pearlitic ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu esihlala sidibana nayo inomxholo ophantsi we-alloy, njenge-15CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, njl.
I-1 Weldability yentsimbi ye-chromium-molybdenum ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu
I-Chromium kunye ne-molybdenum zizinto eziphambili ze-alloy zentsimbi ye-pearlitic enganyangeki ukushisa, ephucula kakhulu amandla okushisa aphezulu kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-oxidation yentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, benza mandundu ngakumbi ukusebenza kwe-welding yesinyithi kwaye banomkhwa wokucima kwi-weld kunye nobushushu obuchaphazelekayo kwindawo. Emva kokupholisa emoyeni, kulula ukuvelisa isakhiwo se-martensite esinzima kunye ne-brittle, esingachaphazeli nje kuphela iipropati ze-mechanical ze-welded joint, kodwa zivelise uxinzelelo olukhulu lwangaphakathi, olubangelwa ukuthambekela kokuqhaqhaza okubandayo.
Ngoko ke, eyona ngxaki iphambili xa i-welding intsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu kukuqhekeka, kwaye izinto ezintathu ezibangela iintanda zezi: isakhiwo, uxinzelelo kunye nomxholo we-hydrogen kwi-weld. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuhlisa inkqubo ye-welding efanelekileyo.
2 Inkqubo yokuwelda intsimbi yePearlitic enganyangekiyo
2.1 Bevel
I-bevel idla ngokuqhutyelwa ngumlilo okanye inkqubo yokusika i-plasma. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukusika kufuneka kushushu. Emva kokupholisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-PT kufuneka kwenziwe ukususa iintanda kwi-bevel. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-groove efana ne-V isetyenziswa, ene-angle ye-groove ye-60 °. Ukusuka kumbono wokuthintela ukuqhekeka, i-angle enkulu ye-groove inenzuzo, kodwa inyusa inani le-welding. Ngelo xesha, i-groove kunye namacala omabini enxalenye yangaphakathi iphuculwe ukususa ioli kunye nomhlwa. kunye nomswakama kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo (ukususa i-hydrogen kunye nokukhusela iipores).
2.2 Ukunxulumanisa
Kuyimfuneko ukuba indibano ayikwazi ukunyanzeliswa ukukhusela uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Kuba intsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu kwichromium-molybdenum inomkhwa omkhulu wokuqhekeka, ukubanjwa kweweld akufuneki kube kukhulu kakhulu ngexesha lokuwelda ukuthintela ukuqina okugqithisileyo, ngakumbi xa kufakwe iipleyiti ezishinyeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemivalo yokubopha, i-clamps kunye ne-clamps evumela ukuba i-weld iyancipha ngokukhululekileyo kufuneka igwenywe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
2.3 Ukukhethwa kweendlela ze-welding
Okwangoku, iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ze-welding ye-pipeline welding kwi-petroleum yethu kunye neeyunithi zokufakela i-petrochemical yi-tungsten arc welding for the base layer kunye ne-electrode arc welding for the cover filling. Ezinye iindlela zokuwelda ziquka ukuwelda kwegesi enyibilikisiweyo ekhuselweyo (i-MIG welding), i-CO2 yegesi ekhuselweyo, i-Electroslag welding kunye ne-arc ephantsi kwe-arc ye-welding ezenzekelayo, njl.
2.4 Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-welding
Umgaqo wokukhetha izinto ze-welding kukuba ukubunjwa kwe-alloy kunye neempawu zokuqina kwentsimbi ye-weld kufuneka ngokusisiseko zihambelane nezalathi ezihambelanayo zesiseko sesinyithi okanye kufuneka zihlangabezane nezikhombisi zokusebenza ezincinci ezicetywayo yimveliso yeemeko zobugcisa. Ukuze kuncitshiswe umxholo we-hydrogen, intonga ye-alkaline ye-alkaline ye-welding ephantsi kufuneka isetyenziswe kuqala. Intonga ye-welding okanye i-flux kufuneka yomiswe ngokwenkqubo emiselweyo kwaye ikhutshwe njengoko ifunekayo. Kufuneka ifakwe kwi-welding rod insulation bucket kwaye ithathwe njengoko ifunekayo. Akufuneki kubekho ngaphezulu kwe-4 kwi-emele yokugquma intonga ye-welding. iiyure, kungenjalo kufuneka yomiswe kwakhona, kwaye inani lamaxesha okumisa akufanele lidlule amaxesha amathathu. Kukho imimiselo eneenkcukacha kwinkqubo ethile yokwakha. Xa i-arc yesandla ye-arc yentsimbi ye-chromium-molybdenum ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu, i-electrodes ye-austenitic stainless steel, njenge-electrode ye-A307, ingasetyenziswa, kodwa ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kusafuneka ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-welding. Le ndlela ifanelekile kwiimeko apho i-weldment ayikwazi ukuphathwa ngokutshisa emva kwe-welding.
2.5 Ukufudumeza kwangaphambili
Ukushisa kwangaphambili yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa iintanda ezibandayo kunye nokukhululeka koxinzelelo lwentsimbi ye-pearlitic ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho we-welding, nokuba i-spot welding okanye ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, kufuneka ifakwe ngaphambili kwaye igcinwe ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elithile lokushisa.
2.6 Ukupholisa okucothayo emva kwe-welding
Ukupholisa okucothayo emva kwe-welding ngumgaqo omele ulandelwe ngokungqongqo xa u-welding chromium-molybdenum intsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe naxa kushushu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ilaphu le-asbestos lisetyenziselwa ukugubungela i-weld kunye nendawo ekufutshane yomthungo ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-welding. Iiwelds ezincinci zingabekwa Pholisa ngokucothayo kwilaphu leasbestos.
2.7 Unyango olushushu lwasemva kweweld
Ukunyangwa kokushisa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-welding, injongo yokuthintela ukwenzeka kokuqhekeka okulibazisekayo, ukuphelisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula isakhiwo.
Izixhobo zokuwelda iXinfa zineempawu zomgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ngeenkcukacha, nceda undwendwele:Abavelisi beWelding & Cutting-China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
3 Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuwelda
(1) Xa udibanisa olu hlobo lwentsimbi, amanyathelo afana nokufudumeza kwangaphambili kunye nokupholisa okucothayo emva kwe-welding kufuneka kuthathwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa kwangaphambili, kungcono. Iimfuno zenkqubo ye-welding kufuneka zilandelwe ngokungqongqo.
2 I-welding kufuneka igqitywe ngexesha elinye, kwaye kungcono ukuba ungaphazamisi. Ukuba kukho imfuneko yokunqumamisa phakathi kweeleyile, ukugqunywa kwe-thermal kunye namanyathelo okupholisa kancinane kufuneka kuthathwe, kwaye amanyathelo afanayo okushisa kufuneka athathwe ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-welding kwakhona.
(3) Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding, ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ekuzaliseni i-arc craters, ukupholisa ama-joints, kunye nokususa iintanda ze-crater (iintanda ezishushu). Ngaphezu koko, okukhona umsinga mkhulu, kokukhona unzulu i-arc crater. Ngoko ke, imiyalelo yenkqubo ye-welding kufuneka ilandelwe ngokungqongqo ukukhetha iiparamitha ze-welding kunye namandla afanelekileyo omgca we-welding.
(4) Umbutho wokwakha nawo uyinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela umgangatho we-welding, kunye nentsebenziswano yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha ukuchitha umgangatho we-weld yonke ngenxa yokusilela ukudibanisa kwinkqubo elandelayo.
(5) Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kwakhona ifuthe lemo yezulu. Xa ubushushu be-ambient buphantsi, ukushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa kunokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela ukushisa ukuba kwehla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amanyathelo angxamisekileyo afana nokukhusela umoya kunye nemvula inokuthathwa.
4 Isishwankathelo
Ukushisa kwangaphambili, ukugcinwa kobushushu, unyango lobushushu emva kwe-weld kunye nezinye iinkqubo ziyimfuneko yenkqubo yokulinganisa i-welding chromium-molybdenum intsimbi enganyangekiyo. Ezi zintathu zibaluleke ngokulinganayo kwaye azinakuhoywa. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ikhonkco eshiyiweyo, iziphumo ziya kuba zibi. Abashiseli kufuneka basebenzise ngokungqongqo iinkqubo ze-welding kwaye bomeleze isikhokelo semvakalelo yoxanduva lwabashiseli. Akufanele sithathe amathuba kwaye siholele i-welders ukuphumeza inkqubo ngokubaluleka kunye nemfuneko. Ngethuba nje siphumeza ngokungqongqo inkqubo ye-welding ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha, ukusebenzisana kakuhle neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi, kwaye silungiselele inkqubo ngokufanelekileyo, sinokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-welding kunye neemfuno zobugcisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-01-2023
