Impembelelo yeMetal Elements equlethwe kwiWelding Wire kuMgangatho weWelding

Ngocingo lwe-welding equkethe i-Si, Mn, S, P, Cr, Al, Ti, Mo, V kunye nezinye izinto zokudibanisa. Impembelelo yezi zinto zokudibanisa ekusebenzeni kwe-welding ichazwe ngezantsi:

Isilicon (Si)

I-Silicon yeyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-deoxidizing element kwi-welding wire, inokuthintela isinyithi ekudibaniseni ne-oxidation, kwaye inokunciphisa i-FeO kwi-pool etyhidiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-silicon deoxidation isetyenziswa yodwa, i-SiO2 enesiphumo inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyibilika (malunga ne-1710 ° C), kwaye iinqununu ezibangelwayo zincinci, okwenza kube nzima ukudada ngaphandle kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo, elinokubangela ukuba kube lula ukufakwa kwe-slag weld metal.

IManganese (Mn)

Isiphumo semanganese siyafana naleyo yesilicon, kodwa amandla ayo okukhupha i-deoxidation mbi kancinane kune-silicon. Ukusebenzisa i-manganese deoxidation yodwa, i-MnO eyenziweyo inoxinano oluphezulu (15.11g/cm3), kwaye akulula ukudada ngaphandle kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo. I-manganese equlethwe kwi-welding wire, ngaphezu kwe-deoxidation, inokuphinda idibanise nesulfure ukwenza i-manganese sulfide (MnS), kwaye isuswe (i-desulfurization), ngoko inokunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okutshisa okubangelwa yisulfure. Ekubeni i-silicon kunye ne-manganese zisetyenziselwa yodwa ukukhupha i-deoxidation, kunzima ukususa iimveliso ze-deoxidized. Ngoko ke, i-silicon-manganese i-joint deoxidation isetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku, ukwenzela ukuba i-SiO2 kunye ne-MnO eyenziweyo inokudityaniswa ibe yi-silicate (MnO · SiO2). I-MnO · SiO2 inomlinganiselo ophantsi wokunyibilika (malunga ne-1270 ° C) kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi (malunga ne-3.6g / cm3), kwaye inokuxinana ibe ngamaqhekeza amakhulu e-slag kwaye idada ngaphandle kwi-pool etyhidiweyo ukufezekisa umphumo omuhle we-deoxidation. I-Manganese iyinto ebalulekileyo yokudibanisa kwintsimbi kunye nento ebalulekileyo yokuqina, enempembelelo enkulu ekuqineni kwentsimbi ye-weld. Xa umxholo we-Mn ungaphantsi kwe-0.05%, ukuqina kwentsimbi ye-weld kuphezulu kakhulu; xa umxholo weMn ungaphezulu kwe-3%, ubhityile kakhulu; xa umxholo we-Mn ngu-0.6-1.8%, isinyithi se-weld sinamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina.

Isulfure (S)

I-sulfure ihlala ikhona ngendlela ye-iron sulfide kwintsimbi, kwaye isasazwa kumda wengqolowa ngendlela yothungelwano, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa kakhulu ukuqina kwentsimbi. Ubushushu be-eutectic ye-iron kunye ne-iron sulfide iphantsi (985°C). Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokusebenza okushushu, ekubeni iqondo lokushisa lokuqala liyi-1150-1200 ° C, kwaye i-eutectic yentsimbi kunye ne-iron sulfide inyibilika, okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni ngexesha lokucubungula, Le nto ibizwa ngokuba "yi-hot embrittlement yesulfure" . Le propati yesulfure ibangela ukuba insimbi iphuhlise ukutshisa okutshisa ngexesha le-welding. Ngoko ke, umxholo wesulfure kwintsimbi ulawulwa ngokungqongqo. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwentsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo, umgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu ulele kwisixa sesulfure kunye nephosphorus. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, i-manganese inempembelelo ye-desulfurization, kuba i-manganese inokwenza i-manganese sulfide (MnS) enendawo yokunyibilika ephezulu (1600 ° C) kunye nesulfure, esasazwa kwiinkozo kwifom yegranular. Ngexesha lokusebenza okushushu, i-manganese sulfide ineplastiki eyaneleyo, ngaloo ndlela isusa umphumo onobungozi wesulfure. Ngoko ke, kunenzuzo ukugcina umlinganiselo othile we-manganese kwintsimbi.

Phosphorus (P)

I-Phosphorus inokuchithwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-ferrite ngentsimbi. Umphumo wayo wokuqiniswa kwensimbi ngowesibini kuphela kwikhabhoni, eyandisa amandla kunye nobunzima bensimbi. I-Phosphorus inokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi, ngelixa iplastiki kunye nokuqina kuyancipha kakhulu. Ngokukodwa kumaqondo okushisa aphantsi, impembelelo inzima kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuba kukuguqa okubandayo kwe-phosphorus. Ngoko ke, akuthandeki kwi-welding kwaye kwandisa i-crack sensitivity yentsimbi. Njengokungcola, umxholo we-phosphorus kwintsimbi kufuneka kwakhona ukhawulelwe.

I-Chromium (Cr)

I-Chromium inokunyusa amandla kunye nobulukhuni bentsimbi ngaphandle kokunciphisa iplastiki kunye nokuqina. I-Chromium inokumelana ne-corrosion eyomeleleyo kunye nokumelana ne-asidi, ngoko ke i-austenitic stainless steel iqulethe i-chromium eninzi (ngaphezu kwe-13%). I-Chromium ikwanamandla okumelana ne-oxidation kunye nokumelana nobushushu. Ngoko ke, i-chromium isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu, njenge-12CrMo, 15CrMo 5CrMo njalo njalo. Intsimbi iqulethe isixa esithile sechromium [7]. I-Chromium yinto ebalulekileyo yensimbi ye-austenitic kunye ne-ferritizing element, enokuphucula ukuxhathisa i-oxidation kunye neempawu zomatshini kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwi-alloy steel. Kwinsimbi engenasici ye-austenitic, xa inani elipheleleyo le-chromium kunye ne-nickel li-40%, xa i-Cr / Ni = 1, kukho ukuthambekela kokutshisa okutshisa; xa Cr / Ni = 2.7, akukho ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushushu. Ngoko ke, xa Cr / Ni = 2.2 ukuya 2.3 ngokubanzi 18-8 intsimbi, chromium kulula ukuvelisa carbides kwi ingxubevange yentsimbi, nto leyo eyenza conduction ubushushu ingxubevange yentsimbi ibe mandundu, kwaye chromium oxide kulula ukuvelisa, nto leyo eyenza ukuwelda nzima.

Ialuminiyam (AI)

I-Aluminiyam yenye yezinto ezinamandla zokukhupha i-deoxidizing, ngoko ukusebenzisa i-aluminium njenge-deoxidizing agent ayikwazi ukuvelisa kuphela i-FeO encinci, kodwa inciphisa ngokulula i-FeO, inqanda ngokufanelekileyo ukusabela kweekhemikhali zegesi ye-CO eyenziwa kwi-pool etyhidiweyo, kunye nokuphucula amandla okumelana ne-CO. imingxunya. Ukongeza, i-aluminiyam inokudibanisa kunye ne-nitrogen ukulungisa i-nitrogen, ngoko inokunciphisa i-nitrogen pores. Nangona kunjalo, nge-aluminium deoxidation, i-Al2O3 enesiphumo inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunyibilika (malunga ne-2050 ° C), kwaye ikhona kwi-pool etyhidiweyo kwindawo eqinile, enokuthi ibangele ukufakwa kwe-slag kwi-weld. Kwangaxeshanye, i-welding wire equlethe i-aluminiyam kulula ukubangela i-spatter, kwaye umxholo ophezulu we-aluminiyam uya kunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kokuqhekeka kwe-thermal yentsimbi ye-weld, ngoko umxholo we-aluminium kwi-welding wire kufuneka ulawulwe ngokungqongqo kwaye akufanele ube kakhulu. kakhulu. Ukuba umxholo we-aluminium kwi-welding wire ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ubunzima, indawo yokuvelisa kunye nokuqina kokuqina kwentsimbi ye-weld kuya kuphuculwa kancinci.

I-Titanium (Ti)

I-Titanium ikwayinto eyomeleleyo ye-deoxidizing, kwaye inokuphinda idibanise i-TiN kunye ne-nitrogen ukulungisa i-nitrogen kunye nokuphucula amandla e-weld metal ukuxhathisa i-nitrogen pores. Ukuba umxholo we-Ti kunye no-B (i-boron) kwisakhiwo se-weld sifanelekile, isakhiwo se-weld sinokucocwa.

I-Molybdenum (Mo)

I-Molybdenum kwintsimbi ye-alloy inokuphucula amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi, ukucokisa iinkozo, ukunqanda ukuvutha komsindo kunye nokuthambekela kokutshisa kakhulu, ukuphucula amandla okushisa aphezulu, amandla okukhwela kunye namandla ahlala ixesha elide, kwaye xa umxholo we-molybdenum ungaphantsi kwe-0.6%, unokuphucula iplastiki, Ukunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwempembelelo. I-Molybdenum ithande ukukhuthaza i-graphitization. Ngoko ke, i-molybdenum jikelele ene-molybdenum-containing heat-resistant steel efana ne-16Mo, 12CrMo, 15CrMo, njl. iqulethe malunga ne-0.5% ye-molybdenum. Xa umxholo we-molybdenum kwintsimbi ye-alloy yi-0.6-1.0%, i-molybdenum iya kunciphisa iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwensimbi ye-alloy kunye nokwandisa ukuthambekela kokucima i-alloy steel.

I-Vanadium (V)

I-Vanadium inokunyusa amandla entsimbi, icokise iinkozo, inciphise ukutyekela kokukhula okuziinkozo, kunye nokuphucula ukuqina. I-Vanadium yinto eyomeleleyo yokwenza i-carbide, kwaye ii-carbides ezibunjiweyo zizinzile ngaphantsi kwe-650 °C. Ixesha lokuqina umphumo. I-Vanadium carbides inozinzo oluphezulu lobushushu, olunokuphucula ukuqina kobushushu bentsimbi. I-Vanadium inokutshintsha ukuhanjiswa kwe-carbides ngentsimbi, kodwa i-vanadium ilula ukwenza i-oxides ephikisayo, eyandisa ubunzima be-welding yegesi kunye nokusika igesi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa umxholo we-vanadium kumthungo we-weld umalunga ne-0.11%, unokudlala indima ekulungiseni i-nitrogen, ukuguqula i-didvantageous ibe yinto efanelekileyo.