Ukwenziwa kweenqanawa zoxinzelelo, xa i-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi isetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-longitudinal weld ye-cylinder, iintanda (emva koku zibizwa ngokuba yi-terminal cracks) zivame ukwenzeka ekupheleni okanye kufuphi nesiphelo se-longitudinal weld.
Abantu abaninzi baye benza uphando malunga noku, kwaye bakholelwa ukuba esona sizathu siphambili sokuqhekeka kwe-terminal kukuba xa i-arc ye-welding isondele kwi-terminal ye-weld longitudinal, i-weld iyanda kwaye ikhubaza kwicala le-axial, kwaye ihamba kunye noxinzelelo olunqamlekileyo umkhombandlela othe nkqo kunye ne-axial. ukuguqulwa okuvulekileyo;
Umzimba we-cylinder nawo unomsebenzi obandayo wokuqinisa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwendibano kwinkqubo yokuqengqeleka, ukuvelisa kunye nokuhlanganisa; ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding, ngenxa yokuthintela i-terminal positioning weld kunye ne-arc strike plate, i-stretch enkulu iveliswa ekupheleni koxinzelelo lwe-weld;
Xa i-arc ishukuthela kwi-terminal positioning weld kunye nepleyiti yogwayimbo lwe-arc, ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokuguqulwa kwale nxalenye, uxinzelelo lwe-tensile olunqamlezayo lwe-terminal ye-weld lukhululekile, kwaye amandla okubopha ayancipha, ukuze i-weld metal nje. iqina kwitheminali ye-weld Iintanda ze-terminal zenziwe ngoxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-tensile.
Ngokusekwe kuhlalutyo lwezi zizathu zingentla, kucetywa iindlela ezimbini zokuchasa:
Enye kukwandisa ububanzi bepleyiti yokubetha i-arc ukunyusa amandla ayo okubopha;
Okwesibini kukusebenzisa ipleyiti efakwe i-elastic restraint arc strike.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuthatha amanyathelo angasentla ekusebenzeni, ingxaki ayizange isombululwe ngokufanelekileyo:
Ngokomzekelo, nangona i-elastic restraint arc strike plate isetyenzisiweyo, iintanda ze-terminal ze-longitudinal weld ziseza kwenzeka, kwaye iintanda ze-terminal zihlala zisenzeka xa udibanisa i-cylinder kunye nobukhulu obuncinci, ukuqina okuphantsi kunye nokuhlanganiswa okunyanzeliswayo;
Nangona kunjalo, xa kukho ipleyiti yokuvavanya imveliso kwindawo eyandisiweyo ye-longitudinal weld ye-cylinder, nangona i-welding ye-tack kunye nezinye iimeko zifana naxa kungekho ipleyiti yokuvavanya imveliso, kukho iintanda ezimbalwa zokugcina kwi-longitudinal seam.
Emva kovavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo kunye nohlalutyo, kufunyaniswa ukuba ukwenzeka kweentanda ekupheleni komthungo we-longitudinal akuhambelani kuphela noxinzelelo olukhulu olungenakuthintelwa ekupheleni kwe-weld, kodwa lunxulumene nezinye izizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni. Uhlalutyo lwezizathu zokuqhekeka kwe-terminal
1. Utshintsho kwintsimi yeqondo lokushisa kwi-terminal weld
Ngexesha le-arc welding, xa umthombo wokushisa we-welding usondele ekupheleni kwe-weld longitudinal, intsimi yeqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo ekupheleni kwe-weld iya kutshintsha, kwaye isondele ekupheleni, inguqu enkulu.
Ngenxa yokuba ubungakanani bepleyiti yoqhankqalazo ye-arc incinci kakhulu kunesilinda, umthamo wayo wobushushu uncinci kakhulu, kwaye uqhagamshelo phakathi kwepleyiti yoqhankqalazo ye-arc kunye ne-cylinder kukuphela kwe-welding ye-tack, ngoko ke inokuthathwa njengento engaqhubekiyo. .
Ngoko ke, imeko yokutshintshwa kobushushu be-terminal weld ihlupheke kakhulu, ibangela ukunyuka kobushushu bendawo, ukumila kwechibi elinyibilikisiweyo kuyatshintsha, kunye nobunzulu bokungena buya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo. Isantya sokuqina sedama elinyibilikisiweyo siyacotha, ngakumbi xa ubungakanani bepleyiti yoqhankqalazo ye-arc incinci kakhulu, kunye ne-weld ye-tack phakathi kwepleyiti yokubetha kwe-arc kunye ne-cylinder imfutshane kakhulu kwaye ibhityile kakhulu.
2. Impembelelo yokufaka ukushisa kwe-welding
Ekubeni igalelo lobushushu be-welding elisetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-arc entywilayo lihlala likhulu kunezinye iindlela zokuwelda, ubunzulu bokungena bukhulu, isixa sentsimbi egciniweyo sikhulu, kwaye sigqunywe ngumaleko we-flux, ngoko ke ichibi elityhidiweyo likhulu kwaye isantya sokuqina kwedama elityhidiweyo likhulu. Izinga lokupholisa lomthungo we-welding kunye ne-welding seam iyacotha kunezinye iindlela ze-welding, okukhokelela kwiinkozo ezirhabaxa kunye nokwahlulwa okunzulu, okudala iimeko ezilungele kakhulu ukuveliswa kweentanda ezishushu.
Ukongezelela, i-lateral shrinkage ye-weld incinci kakhulu kunokuvulwa kwe-gap, ukwenzela ukuba i-lateral tensile force part ye-terminal inkulu kunezinye iindlela ze-welding. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiipleyiti ezityebileyo ezityebileyo kunye neepleyiti ezibhityileyo ezingabhityiyo.
3. Ezinye iimeko
Ukuba kukho ukudibanisa okunyanzeliswayo, umgangatho wendibano awuhambelani neemfuno, umxholo wokungcola okufana ne-S kunye ne-P kwisiseko sesinyithi siphezulu kakhulu kwaye ukuhlukana kuya kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni.
Okwesibini, ubume be-terminal crack
Ukuqhekeka kwetheminali kungokweentanda ze-thermal ngokwendalo yazo, kwaye iintanda ze-thermal zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-crystallization cracks kunye ne-sub-solid phase cracks ngokwenqanaba lokubunjwa kwazo. Nangona indawo apho ukuqhekeka kwetheminali kwenziwa khona ngamanye amaxesha i-terminal, ngamanye amaxesha ingaphakathi kwe-150mm ukusuka kwindawo engqonge i-terminal, ngamanye amaxesha kukuqhekeka komphezulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kukuqhekeka kwangaphakathi, kwaye uninzi lwamatyala kukuqhekeka kwangaphakathi. zenzeka malunga ne-terminal.
Ingabonwa ukuba ubume be-terminal crack ngokusisiseko yeyesigaba sokuqhekeka se-sub-solid, oko kukuthi, xa i-weld terminal isekwimo yolwelo, nangona ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo elikufutshane ne-terminal liye laqina, lisekwimeko yolwelo. ubushushu obuphezulu kancinane ngaphantsi komgca we-solidus Ukuqina kwe-Zero, iintanda zenziwa phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo olunzima lwe-welding (ikakhulukazi uxinzelelo lwe-tensile) kwi-terminal,
Umphezulu we-weld kufuphi nomphezulu kulula ukutshabalalisa ubushushu, ubushushu buphantsi, kwaye sele bunamandla athile kunye neplastikhi egqwesileyo, ngoko ke iintanda ze-terminal zihlala zikhona ngaphakathi kwe-weld kwaye azinakufunyanwa ngeso lenyama.
Isithathu. Amanyathelo okuthintela iintanda zokugcina
Kolu hlalutyo lungentla lwezizathu zokuqhekeka kwe-terminal, kunokubonwa ukuba eyona milinganiselo ibalulekileyo yokoyisa iintanda ze-arc ezintywilayo ze-arc welding longitudinal seams zezi:
1. Yandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubungakanani bepleyiti yogwayimbo lwe-arc
Abantu bahlala bengaqhelananga ngokwaneleyo ngokubaluleka kwepleyiti yokubetha i-arc, becinga ukuba umsebenzi we-arc strike plate kukukhokelela kuphela i-arc crater ngaphandle kwe-weldment xa i-arc ivaliwe. Ukuze kugcinwe intsimbi, abanye abahlaseli be-arc benziwa bancinci kakhulu kwaye babe "abahlaseli be-arc" abanyanisekileyo. Ezi zenzo ziphosakele kakhulu. Ipleyiti yogwayimbo lwe-arc inemisebenzi emine:
(1) Khokela inxalenye ephukileyo ye-weld xa i-arc iqalwa kunye ne-arc crater xa i-arc imisiwe ukuya ngaphandle kwe-weldment.
(2) Yomeleza iqondo lothintelo kwindawo yetheminali yomthungo welongitudinal, kwaye uthwale uxinzelelo olukhulu oluveliswe kwindawo yetheminali.
(3) Ukuphucula intsimi yobushushu bendawo yetheminali, ehambelana nokuqhuba ubushushu kwaye ingenzi ubushushu bendawo yetheminali ibe phezulu kakhulu.
(4) Phucula usasazo lwemagnethi kwindawo yesiphelo kunye nokunciphisa iqondo lokuphambuka kwemagnethi.
Ukuze ufezekise iinjongo ezine ezingentla, i-arc strike plate kufuneka ibe nobukhulu obaneleyo, ubukhulu kufuneka bufane ne-weldment, kwaye ubungakanani kufuneka buxhomekeke kubukhulu be-weldment kunye nobukhulu bentsimbi yentsimbi. Kwiinqanawa zoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba ubude kunye nobubanzi bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-140mm.
2. Nika ingqalelo kwindibano kunye ne-tack welding ye-arc strike plate
I-welding ye-tack phakathi kwe-arc strike plate kunye ne-cylinder kufuneka ibe nobude obaneleyo kunye nobukhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubude kunye nobukhulu be-weld ye-tack akufunekanga ibe ngaphantsi kwe-80% yobubanzi kunye nobukhulu bepleyiti yokubetha i-arc, kunye ne-welding eqhubekayo iyafuneka. Ayinakuba “ibala” nje elidityanisiweyo. Kumacala omabini omthungo we-longitudinal, ukuqina okwaneleyo kwe-weld kufuneka kuqinisekiswe kwiiplati eziphakathi kunye neengqimba, kwaye i-groove ethile kufuneka ivulwe ukuba kuyimfuneko.
3. Nika ingqalelo kwi-welding yokubeka indawo ye-terminal ye-cylinder
Ngexesha le-welding emva kokuba i-cylinder ijikelezwe, ukwenzela ukwandisa ngakumbi iqondo lokuzibamba ekupheleni komthungo we-longitudinal, ubude be-tack weld ekupheleni komthungo we-longitudinal akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe-100mm, kwaye kufuneka kubekho. Ubukhulu obaneleyo be-weld, kwaye akufuneki kubekho iintanda, Iziphene ezifana nokungabikho kokudibanisa.
4. Lawula ngokungqongqo igalelo lobushushu be-welding
Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding yeenqanawa zoxinzelelo, igalelo lokushisa kwe-welding kufuneka lilawulwe ngokungqongqo. Oku akukona nje ukuqinisekisa iipropati mechanical of joints welded, kodwa idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekunqandeni iintanda. Ubungakanani be-arc ye-welding ye-welding yangoku inefuthe elikhulu kubuntununtunu bokuqhekeka kwe-terminal, kuba ubungakanani be-welding yangoku buhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwintsimi yobushushu kunye nokufakwa kobushushu be-welding.
5. Lawula ngokungqongqo imilo yechibi elityhidiweyo kunye ne-weld shape coefficient
Ubume kunye nefom yefom ye-weld pool kwi-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuba sengozini kwiintanda ze-welding. Ke ngoko, ubungakanani, imilo kunye nefom yefom ye-weld pool kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo.
Isine. Ukuqukumbela
Kuxhaphake kakhulu ukuvelisa iintanda ze-longitudinal seam terminal xa i-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi isetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-longitudinal seam ye-cylinder, kwaye ayizange isombululwe kakuhle iminyaka emininzi. Ngovavanyo kunye nohlalutyo, esona sizathu siphambili sokuqhekeka ekupheleni kwe-arc ye-welding longitudinal seam ephantsi kwamanzi sisiphumo sesenzo esidibeneyo soxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nentsimi yokushisa ekhethekileyo kule nxalenye.
Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba amanyathelo anjengokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo ubungakanani bepleyiti yogwayimbo lwe-arc, ukomeleza ulawulo lomgangatho we-welding ye-tack, kunye nokulawula ngokungqongqo igalelo lobushushu be-welding kunye nokumila kwe-weld kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzeka kweentanda ekupheleni kokuntywila emanzini. welding arc.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-01-2023
