Inkqubo yokuwelda isithuba esimxinwa yeyenkqubo yewelding enzulu kunye nemxinwa yeeworkpieces ezishinyeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubungakanani obunzulu-nobubanzi be-groove bunokufikelela kwi-10-15. Xa inkqubo yokudibanisa i-arc ephantsi kwamanzi isetyenzisiweyo, kukho ingxaki yokukhutshwa kwe-slag kunye nokususwa kwegobolondo ye-slag ye-weld nganye. Kwiinkqubo zokudibanisa i-arc ngokubanzi, kuthenjwa ukuba iqokobhe le-slag lingawa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba igobolondo le-slag alikwazi ukuwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukususa ngesandla igobolondo ye-slag kwi-groove enzulu kunye nencinci kunye nobubanzi be-20-30 mm kuphela. Ngesi sizathu, ukusuka kuqheliselo lweendlela zenkqubo yokuwelda i-arc, abantu baye baphonononga umsantsa ophantsi we-arc welding inkqubo apho iqokobhe le-slag lingawa ngokuzenzekelayo - "i-fish scale" weld gap emxinwa i-arc welding process.
Umahluko phakathi kwale "fish scale" weld kunye ne "concave" weld (Figure 2-36) kukuba igobolondo le-slag linobunzima obuhlukeneyo bomhlaba ngenxa yee-angles ezahlukeneyo zokusika phakathi kwegobolondo le-slag kunye nodonga olusecaleni lomsebenzi (Umfanekiso 2) -37). Ukuxinezeleka komphezulu we-weld "yentlanzi yesikali" inokwenza iqokobhe le-slag liwe ngokuzenzekelayo; ngelixa ukunyanzeliswa komphezulu we-weld "concave" kwenza igobolondo ye-slag ibambelele ngokuqinileyo eludongeni lwecala lomsebenzi. Ngokusekelwe kwezi zizathu zingasentla, i-gap emxinwa yenkqubo ye-arc welding akufanele isebenzise "i-concave" weld, kodwa kufuneka isebenzise "i-fish scale" weld.
I-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi inokungena kwizinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-20 mm ngexesha elinye. Ngenxa yechibi elikhulu elityhidiweyo, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokuqulunqa kwinqanaba elinye, umgca wokubumba onyanzelweyo kufuneka usetyenziswe ukuvumela i-pool etyhidiweyo ukuba iphole kwaye iqine kwi-liner, ngaphandle koko i-workpiece iya kutshiswa ngokulula. Ubunzulu bokungena ngexesha le-welding emisiweyo akufanele idlule i-2/3 ye-plate thickness. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zenkqubo zingasetyenziselwa ukuwelda kwicala elinye kunye ne-double-sided forming welds (Umfanekiso 2-35):
1) I-Welding kwi-copper pad. 2) I-Welding kwiphedi ye-ceramic yesikhashana. 3) I-Welding kwi-pad flux. 4) Welding kwi pad esisigxina okanye lock phantsi welding. Kumdibaniso othwele umthwalo weepleyiti zentsimbi ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo, ukuba ukutenxa kobungqingqwa kweepleyiti ezimbini kudlula uluhlu oluchazwe kumgangatho, ubungakanani bomjelo bukhethwa ngokobunzima bepleyiti eshinyeneyo, okanye ipleyiti eshinyeneyo. icuthelwe kwicala elinye okanye omabini ukuya kubukhulu obufanayo nepleyiti ebhityileyo. Oku kunokuphepha ukugxininiswa koxinzelelo olubangelwa utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lomnqamlezo kwi-butt welding joint.
I-1) Umahluko ovumelekileyo wobunzima beeplate ezahlukeneyo uboniswe kwiThebhile 2-1.
2) Ubude bokunciphisa. Xa ubhityile kwelinye icala, ubude yi 1/2 yaloo xa ubhitya kwelinye icala, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso Ubude bokunciphisa L}3 (s2一s}); xa ubhitya kumacala omabini, ukubhitya ngu 2-34.
Xa i-welding i-butt joints of plates ubukhulu obulinganayo, ucingo lwe-welding kufuneka lube kumgca ophakathi we-weld. Ukuba ucingo lwe-welding alugxilwanga, lunokubangela iziphene ezifana nokungena okungaphelelanga kunye ne-weld offset. Xa udityaniswa ngeempundu zeepleyiti ezinobukhulu obungalinganiyo, ucingo lokuwelda kufuneka luthambekele kwipleyiti eshinyeneyo ukuze isantya sokunyibilika saso sifane neso sepleyiti ebhityileyo, ukuze i-weld yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Umzobo 2-31 ubonisa i-offset yocingo lwe-welding kumalungu empundu.
Isalathiso kunye nobukhulu be-welding wire inclination yahlukile, kwaye "i-arc blowing force" kunye nefuthe le-thermal ye-arc kwi-pool etyhidiweyo nazo zihluke, ezivelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwi-weld formation. Kwi-welding practice, ububanzi be-weld, ukuhlola okutyhidiweyo kunye nokwakheka kwe-coefficient ye-weld inokulungiswa ngokutshintsha isalathiso kunye nobukhulu be-welding wire inclination. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kugwenywe ukuba i-welding wire inclination inkulu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko iya kuvelisa ukubunjwa kwe-weld embi. Impembelelo yesalathiso kunye nobukhulu bokuthambekela kocingo lwe-welding kwi-weld formation iboniswe kuMfanekiso 2-30.
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Ukwandisa ubude bokwandiswa kocingo lwe-welding phantsi kwemeko ye-welding eqhubekayo yangoku kunokunyusa i-welding wire deposition speed nge-25% ukuya kwi-50%, kodwa xa i-arc voltage iphantsi, ubunzulu bokungena kunye nobubanzi be-weld buya kuncipha. Ubume be-weld edibeneyo kunye ne-welding wire kunye nobude bokwandiswa okwandisiweyo buhluke ngokupheleleyo kulowo we-weld welded kunye ne-welding wire kunye nobude obuqhelekileyo bokwandiswa. Ngoko ke, xa ubunzulu bokungena obukhulu bufunekayo, akucebisi ukwandisa ubude bokwandiswa kocingo lwe-welding. Xa ubude bokwandiswa kocingo lwe-welding bunyuswa ukwandisa isantya sokubeka ucingo lwe-welding, i-voltage ye-arc kufuneka inyuswe ngexesha elifanayo ukugcina ubude obufanelekileyo be-arc.
I-arc ye-arc efakwe emanzini kunye nomsebenzi wokutshisa i-welding wire inokunyusa isantya sokunyibilika kocingo lwe-welding kunye nobungakanani be-welding wire deposition ngaphandle kokunyusa igalelo lobushushu lezinto ezisisiseko, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa injongo yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding. Ubude bokwandiswa kocingo lwe-welding kunye nokufudumeza kocingo lwe-welding kuboniswe kuMzobo 2-29.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile zamandla e-arc, utshintsho kwisantya se-welding sitshintsha igalelo lobushushu le-weld, ngaloo ndlela itshintsha ubunzulu be-weld kunye nobubanzi. Xa isantya se-welding sikhawuleza, ngenxa yokufudumala kwe-arc eyaneleyo ye-weldment, ubunzulu be-weld kunye nobubanzi buya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, umlinganiselo wokudibanisa uya kuncipha, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, iziphene ezifana ne-undercut, ukungena okungaphelelanga kunye ne-porosity kuya kubangelwa. Ke ngoko, xa unyusa isantya se-welding, amandla e-arc kufuneka anyuswe ukuze kugcinwe ubunzulu be-weld kunye nobubanzi obungatshintshiyo. Umzobo 2-28 ubonisa umphumo wesantya se-welding ekubunjweni kwe-weld.
Ngexesha le-arc ye-welding ephantsi kwamanzi, i-arc voltage inqunywe ngokobukhulu be-welding current, oko kukuthi, kwi-welding current, ubude be-arc kufuneka bugcinwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-arc "itshisa" ngokuzinzileyo kwaye i-weld yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. . Nangona kunjalo, ezi meko zilandelayo kufuneka ziphathwe ngokwahlukileyo:
I-1) Xa i-weld ye-weld ye-multi-layer weld ingadityaniswanga kakuhle okanye i-gap yengcambu ye-butt weld inkulu kakhulu, i-voltage ye-arc ayifanele ibe yincinci. I-2) Ii-welds ezinzulu ze-groove akufanele zifakwe nge-voltage ephezulu ye-arc. Ukubunjwa kwe-weld yamacandelo akhethekileyo ahambelana ne-arc voltages ezahlukeneyo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2-27.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, ukutshintsha i-welding current kunokutshintsha isantya sokunyibilika kocingo lwe-welding kunye nobunzulu bokungena kwe-weld. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyusa ngokugqithisileyo umjelo we-welding ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukhokelela ekuphakameni kwe-weld ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nobunzulu bokungena kwe-weld, okukhokelela ekudakaleni kokwakheka kwe-weld. Kwangaxeshanye, oku kwakheka kwe weld okugqithisileyo kwandisa ukucutheka kwe weld, ngaloo ndlela kubangele iziphene ezinje ngokuqhekeka kwe-welding, iipores, inclusions ye-slag, kunye neendawo ezichaphazeleke kakhulu kubushushu kunye ne-welding deformation. Ke ngoko, ngelixa unyusa i-welding yangoku, i-voltage ye-arc kufuneka inyuswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukumila kwe-weld efanelekileyo. Iziphene ze-welding ezinokubangelwa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-welding okwangoku ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 2-26.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-29-2024
