Iifomula zokubala ezifanelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yesiqhoboshi:
1. Ukubalwa kunye nokunyamezelana kwe-thread pitch yangaphandle ye-60 ° iprofayili (i-National Standard GB 197/196)
a. Ukubalwa kwemilinganiselo esisiseko yedayamitha yepitshi
Ubungakanani obusisiseko bomsonto wedayamitha yepitshi = intambo enkulu yedayamitha - i-pitch × ixabiso le-coefficient.
Inkcazo yefomula: d/DP×0.6495
Umzekelo: Ukubalwa komthamo we-pitch we-M8 yangaphandle
8-1.25×0.6495=8-0.8119≈7.188
b. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-6h yangaphandle ye-pitch pitch diameter ukunyamezela (ngokusekelwe kwi-pitch)
Ixabiso lomda ophezulu ngu "0"
Ixabiso elisezantsi lomda yi-P0.8-0.095 P1.00-0.112 P1.25-0.118
P1.5-0.132 P1.75-0.150 P2.0-0.16
P2.5-0.17
Ifomyula yokubala umda ophezulu yisayizi esisiseko, kunye nefomyula yokubala umda osezantsi i-d2-hes-Td2 sisiseko sedayamitha-nxanxathela-ukunyamezela.
Ixabiso le-M8's 6h lenqanaba le-pitch diamitha yokunyamezela: ixabiso elilinganiselweyo eliphezulu 7.188 ixabiso elisezantsi lomda: 7.188-0.118 = 7.07.
C. Ukutenxa okusisiseko kwedayamitha yepitch yemitha ye-6g-level yangaphandle esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo: (ngokusekelwe kwi-pitch)
P 0.80-0.024 P 1.00-0.026 P1.25-0.028 P1.5-0.032
P1.75-0.034 P2-0.038 P2.5-0.042 P2.5-0.042
Ifomyula yexabiso lomda ophezulu wokubala i-d2-ges yisiseko sotembuko lobungakanani
Ifomula yobalo lomda osezantsi i-d2-ges-Td2 sisiseko sobungakanani-nxanxa-inxaki-ukunyamezela
Ngokomzekelo, ixabiso le-6g le-pitch diameter yokunyamezela i-M8: ixabiso lomda ophezulu: 7.188-0.028 = 7.16 kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lomda: 7.188-0.028-0.118 = 7.042.
Qaphela: ① Oku kunyamezelwa kwentambo kungasentla kusekwe kwimisonto erhabaxa, kwaye kukho utshintsho oluthile ekunyamezelweni kwentambo yemisonto ecolekileyo, kodwa kukunyamezelana nje okukhudlwana, ngoko ke ulawulo ngokwalo aluyi kudlula umda ochaziweyo, ngoko ke aluyi kunyamezelwa. iphawulwe nganye nganye apha ngasentla. ngaphandle.
② Kwimveliso yokwenyani, ububanzi bentonga epholisiweyo epholisiweyo yi-0.04-0.08 inkulu kunomsonto oyilelweyo we-pitch diameter ngokokuchaneka kweemfuno zoyilo kunye namandla okukhutshwa kwesixhobo sokwenza intambo. Eli lixabiso lobubanzi bentonga ephothiweyo. Umzekelo I-diameter yenkampani yethu ye-M8 yangaphandle intambo ye-6g yodidi olupholisiweyo yintonga eneneni yi-7.08-7.13, engaphakathi kolu luhlu.
③ Ukuthathela ingqalelo iimfuno zenkqubo yemveliso, umda osezantsi wolawulo lwedayamitha yepitsi yeyona mveliso yemisonto yangaphandle ngaphandle konyango lobushushu kunye nonyango lomphezulu kufuneka ugcinwe kwinqanaba le-6h kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
2. Ukubalwa kunye nokunyamezela kwe-pitch diameter ye-60 ° intambo yangaphakathi (GB 197/196)
a. Iklasi ye-6H yokunyamezela i-pitch pitch diameter (esekelwe kwi-pitch)
Umda ophezulu:
P0.8+0.125 P1.00+0.150 P1.25+0.16 P1.5+0.180
P1.25+0.00 P2.0+0.212 P2.5+0.224
Ixabiso elisezantsi lomda ngu “0”,
Ifomula yobalo lwexabiso lomda ophezulu 2+TD2 bukhulu obusisiseko + ukunyamezela.
Ngokomzekelo, i-pitch ye-pitch ye-M8-6H intambo yangaphakathi yile: 7.188 + 0.160 = 7.348. Ixabiso lomda ophezulu: 7.188 lixabiso eliphantsi lomda.
b. Ifomula yokubala kwidayamitha yepitch esisiseko yemisonto yangaphakathi iyafana naleyo yemisonto yangaphandle.
Oko kukuthi, i-D2 = DP × 0.6495, oko kukuthi, ububanzi be-pitch yentambo yangaphakathi ilingana nobukhulu obukhulu bomsonto - i-pitch × ixabiso le-coefficient.
c. Ukutenxa okusisiseko kwedayamitha ye-pitch ye-6G yebakala lomsonto we-E1 (ngokusekwe kwi-pitch)
P0.8+0.024 P1.00+0.026 P1.25+0.028 P1.5+0.032 P1.25+0.028 P1.5+0.032
P1.75+0.034 P1.00+0.026 P2.5+0.042 P2.5+0.042
Umzekelo: I-M8 6G ibakala langaphakathi lomsonto wepitch ubukhulu bomda ophezulu: 7.188+0.026+0.16=7.374
Ixabiso lomda osezantsi:7.188+0.026=7.214
Ifomula yexabiso lomda ophezulu 2+GE1+TD2 yisayizi esisiseko yepitch idayamitha+enxamnye+ukunyamezela
Ifomula yexabiso lomda osezantsi 2 + GE1 yipitch ubukhulu bobukhulu + ukutenxa
3. Ukubalwa kunye nokunyamezelana kwedayimitha enkulu yangaphandle (GB 197/196)
a. Umda ophezulu we-6h ubukhulu obukhulu bomsonto wangaphandle
Oko kukuthi, ixabiso ledayamitha yomsonto. Umzekelo, i-M8 yi-φ8.00 kwaye ukunyamezela umda ophezulu ngu-“0″.
b. Ukunyamezela umda osezantsi we-6h enkulu yedayamitha yentambo yangaphandle (esekelwe kwi-pitch)
P0.8-0.15 P1.00-0.18 P1.25-0.212 P1.5-0.236 P1.75-0.265
P2.0-0.28 P2.5-0.335
Ifomula yokubala yomda osezantsi wedayamitha enkulu yile: d-Td, eyona isisiseko sokunyamezela ubukhulu bedayamitha enkulu yomsonto.
Umzekelo: Intambo ye-M8 yangaphandle 6h ubukhulu obukhulu bedayamitha: umda ophezulu ngu-φ8, umda osezantsi ngu-φ8-0.212=φ7.788
c. Ukubala kunye nokunyamezela kwe-6g yebakala elikhulu lobubanzi bomsonto wangaphandle
Ukutenxa ngokwereferensi yebakala 6g intambo yangaphandle (esekelwe kwipitch)
P0.8-0.024 P1.00-0.026 P1.25-0.028 P1.5-0.032 P1.25-0.024 P1.75 -0.034
P2.0-0.038 P2.5-0.042
Ifomula yobalo lomda ophezulu i-d-ges yisayizi esisiseko yedayamitha enkulu yomsonto - ukutenxa kwireferensi.
Umda osezantsi wokubala ifomula d-ges-Td yisayizi esisiseko yedayamitha enkulu yomsonto - ukutenxa kwidatum - ukunyamezela.
Umzekelo: I-M8 intambo yangaphandle 6g ibakala elikhulu ledayamitha yexabiso eliphezulu lomda φ8-0.028=φ7.972.
Ixabiso lomda osezantsiφ8-0.028-0.212=φ7.76
Qaphela: ① Idayamitha enkulu yomsonto imiselwa ngokwedayamitha yentonga ephothiweyo kunye nenqanaba lokunxiba kweprofayile yezinyo kwipleyiti eqengqelekayo yentambo/irola, kwaye ixabiso lalo lichasene nedayamitha yepitshi yomsonto esekwe izixhobo ezifanayo ezingenanto kunye nentambo yokucubungula. Okokuthi, ukuba ububanzi obuphakathi buncinci, ububanzi obukhulu buya kuba bukhulu, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo ukuba ububanzi obuphakathi bukhulu, ububanzi obukhulu buya kuba buncinci.
② Kwiindawo ezifuna unyango lobushushu kunye nonyango lwangaphezulu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo inkqubo yokucubungula, i-diameter yentambo kufuneka ilawulwe ukuba ibe ngaphezu komda ophantsi we-grade 6h kunye ne-0.04mm ngexesha lokuveliswa kwangempela. Ngokomzekelo, intambo yangaphandle ye-M8 iyaxubha (i-rolling) Ububanzi obukhulu bocingo kufuneka lube ngaphezu kwe-φ7.83 nangaphantsi kwe-7.95.
4. Ukubala kunye nokunyamezelana kwedayimitha yentambo yangaphakathi
a. Ubungakanani obusisiseko bokubalwa komsonto wangaphakathi kwidayamitha encinci (D1)
Ubungakanani bomsonto osisiseko = ubungakanani obusisiseko bomsonto wangaphakathi - i-pitch × i-coefficient
Umzekelo: Ububanzi obusisiseko bomsonto wangaphakathi we-M8 ngu-8-1.25×1.0825=6.646875≈6.647
b. Ukubalwa kokunyamezelana kwe-diameter encinci (esekelwe kwi-pitch) kunye nexabiso elincinci le-diameter ye-6H yentambo yangaphakathi
P0.8 +0. 2 P1.0 +0. 236 P1.25 +0.265 P1.5 +0.3 P1.75 +0.335
P2.0 +0.375 P2.5 +0.48
Ifomula esezantsi yokutenxa kwibakala le-6H kwibakala langaphakathi intambo ye-D1 + HE1 ubukhulu obusisiseko bomsonto wangaphakathi wedayamitha encinci + ukutenxa.
Qaphela: Ixabiso elisezantsi le-bias lenqanaba le-6H ngu "0"
Ifomula yokubala yexabiso eliphezulu lomda webakala le-6H intambo yangaphakathi = D1 + HE1 + TD1, eyona ubungakanani obusisiseko bobubanzi obuncinci bentambo yangaphakathi + ukuphambuka + ukunyamezela.
Umzekelo: Umda ophezulu we-diameter encinci ye-6H grade M8 intambo yangaphakathi yi-6.647 + 0 = 6.647
Umda ophantsi we-diameter encinci ye-6H grade M8 intambo yangaphakathi yi-6.647 + 0 + 0.265 = 6.912
c. Ukubalwa kokutenxa okusisiseko kwedayamitha encinci yomsonto wangaphakathi webakala le-6G (ngokusekwe kwi-pitch) kunye nexabiso elincinci le-diameter.
P0.8 +0.024 P1.0 +0.026 P1.25 +0.028 P1.5 +0.032 P1.75 +0.034
P2.0 +0.038 P2.5 +0.042
Ifomula yomda ophantsi we-diameter encinci ye-6G grade intambo yangaphakathi = D1 + GE1, eyona ubungakanani obusisiseko bentambo yangaphakathi + ukuphambuka.
Umzekelo: Umda ophantsi we-diameter encinci ye-6G grade M8 intambo yangaphakathi yi-6.647 + 0.028 = 6.675
Ifomyula yexabiso lomda ophezulu we-6G ibakala le-M8 intambo yangaphakathi ye-D1 + GE1 + TD1 ubukhulu obusisiseko bomsonto wangaphakathi + ukuphambuka + ukunyamezela.
Umzekelo: Umda ophezulu we-diameter encinci ye-6G grade M8 intambo yangaphakathi yi-6.647 + 0.028 + 0.265 = 6.94
Qaphela: ① Umphakamo wepitch womsonto wangaphakathi unxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomzuzu wokuthwala umthwalo womsonto wangaphakathi, ngoko ke kufuneka ube ngaphakathi komda ongaphezulu webanga le-6H ngexesha lemveliso engenanto.
② Ngethuba lokucutshungulwa kwemicu yangaphakathi, i-diameter encinci yentambo yangaphakathi iya kuba nefuthe ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwesixhobo somatshini - impompo. Ukususela kumbono wokusetyenziswa, i-diameter encinci, ingcono, kodwa xa uqwalasela ngokubanzi, i-diameter encinci isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ukuba intsimbi yentsimbi okanye inxalenye ye-aluminium, umda ophantsi ukuya kumda ophakathi we-diameter encinci kufuneka isetyenziswe.
③ Ubukhulu obuncinci bentambo yangaphakathi ye-6G inokuphunyezwa njenge-6H kwimveliso engenanto. Inqanaba lokuchaneka liqwalasela ubukhulu becala ukugquma kwedayamitha yepitshi yomsonto. Ngoko ke, kuphela i-diameter ye-pitch yempompo eqwalaselwayo ngexesha lokucubungula intambo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela i-diameter encinci yomngxuma wokukhanya.
5. Ifomula yokubala yendlela yokwalathisa enye yentloko yesalathiso
Ifomula yokubala yendlela yokwalathisa enye: n=40/Z
n: linani lohlaziyo ekufuneka intloko eyahlulayo ijike
Z: iqhezu elilinganayo lomsebenzi
40: Inani eliqingqiweyo lentloko eyahlulayo
Umzekelo: Ubalo lokusila olune-hexagonal
Faka endaweni yefomula: n=40/6
Ukubala: ① Yenza lula iqhezu: Fumana elona candelo lincinci isahluli 2 kwaye uyahlule, oko kukuthi, yahlula inani eli nani kunye nedinomineyitha ngo-2 ngaxeshanye ukufumana 20/3. Ngelixa ukunciphisa iqhekeza, iindawo zayo ezilinganayo zihlala zingatshintshi.
② Bala iqhezu: Ngeli xesha, kuxhomekeke kumaxabiso amanani kunye nedinomineyitha; ukuba inani kunye nedinomineyitha zinkulu, bala.
20÷3=6(2/3) lixabiso lika-n, oko kukuthi, intloko eyahlulayo kufuneka ijikwe 6(2/3) amaxesha. Ngeli xesha, iqhekeza libe linani elixutywe; Inani elipheleleyo lenani elidityanisiweyo, u-6, linani lokuhlula Intloko kufuneka ijike izijiko ezi-6 ezipheleleyo. Iqhezu le-2/3 elineqhezu linokuba ngu-2/3 wenguqu enye, kwaye kufuneka libalwe kwakhona ngeli xesha.
③ Ukubalwa kokukhethwa kwe-indexing plate: Ukubalwa okungaphantsi kwesangqa esinye kufuneka kuphunyezwe ngoncedo lwe-indexing plate yentloko yesalathisi. Inyathelo lokuqala ekubaleni kukwandisa iqhezu 2/3 ngexesha elinye. Umzekelo: ukuba i-fraction yandiswa ngamaxesha angama-14 ngexesha elifanayo, i-fraction yi-28/42; ukuba yandiswe ngamaxesha angama-10 ngexesha elinye, amanqaku angama-20/30; ukuba inyuswe ngamaxesha angama-13 ngexesha elifanayo, amanqaku angama-26/39 ... Ukwandiswa kwesango lokuhlula kufuneka kukhethwe ngokwenani lemingxuma kwi-indexing plate.
Ngeli xesha kufuneka uqaphele:
① Inani lemingxuma ekhethiweyo kwi-indexing plate kufuneka yahlulwe yi-denominator 3. Umzekelo, kumzekelo wangaphambili, imingxuma engama-42 yi-14 phinda-phinda 3, imingxuma engama-30 ngu-10 umphinda-phinde 3, 39 ngu-13 umphinda-phinde 3 ...
② Ukwandiswa kweqhezu kufuneka kube ngendlela yokuba inani kunye nedinomineyitha zandiswe ngaxeshanye kwaye iindawo zazo ezilinganayo zihlala zingatshintshi, njengakumzekelo.
28/42=2/3×14=(2×14)/(3×14); 20/30=2/3×10=(2×10)/(3×10);
26/39=2/3×13=(2×13)/(3×13)
I-denominator 42 ye-28/42 ifakwe kwi-indexed usebenzisa imingxuma engama-42 yenombolo yesalathisi; inani lama-28 libheke phambili kumngxunya wokumisa wevili elingaphezulu kwaye lijikelezisa umngxuma wama-28, oko kukuthi, umngxuma wama-29 ngumngxuma wokumisa wevili langoku, kwaye 20/30 use30 kunye nomngxuma we-10 okanye umngxuma we-11 ngumngxuma wokumisa we-epicycle. I-26/39 yindawo yokubeka i-epicycle emva kokuba i-indexing plate ye-39-hole iphendulelwe phambili kwaye i-26th hole yingxuma ye-27.
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Xa usila izikweri ezintandathu (amalungu amathandathu alinganayo), ungasebenzisa imingxuma engama-42, imingxuma engama-30, imingxuma engama-39 kunye neminye imingxunya eyahlulwe ngokulinganayo ngo-3 njengezalathisi: umsebenzi kukuguqula isiphatho amaxesha ama-6, kwaye emva koko uye phambili kwindawo yokubeka. imingxuma yevili eliphezulu. Emva koko jika i-28+1/ 10+1 / 26+! umngxuma kwi-29/11/27 umngxuma njengomngxuma wokumisa we-epicycle.
Umzekelo 2: Ukubalwa kokugaya igiya elinamazinyo ali-15.
Faka endaweni yefomula: n=40/15
Bala n=2(2/3)
Tyhila izangqa ezi-2 ezipheleleyo kwaye ukhethe imingxuma yezalathiso eyahlulahlulwe ngo-3, njengo 24, 30, 39, 42.51.54.57, 66, njl. , 44 Dibanisa umngxuma om-1, oko kukuthi imingxuma 17, 21, 27, 29, 35, 37, 39, kunye nama-45 njengemingxuma yokumisa ye-epicycle.
Umzekelo 3: Ukubalwa kwesalathiso sokusila amazinyo angama-82.
Faka endaweni yefomula: n=40/82
Bala n=20/41
Oko kukuthi: khetha nje ipleyiti yesalathiso yemingxuma engama-41, kwaye emva koko ujike i-20+1 okanye imingxuma engama-21 kumngxunya wokumisa ivili elingasentla njengomngxuma wokumisa wevili langoku.
Umzekelo 4: Ubalo lwesalathiso sokugaya amazinyo angama-51
Faka endaweni yefomula n=40/51. Kuba amanqaku akanakubalwa ngeli xesha, ungakhetha ngokuthe ngqo kuphela umngxuma, oko kukuthi, khetha i-indexing plate enemingxuma engama-51, kwaye emva koko ujike imingxuma engama-51 + 1 okanye engama-52 kumngxunya wokumisa ivili elingasentla njengomngxuma wokumisa ivili langoku. . Yiyo i.
Umzekelo 5: Ukubalwa kwesalathiso sokugaya amazinyo ayi-100.
Faka endaweni yefomula n=40/100
Bala n=4/10=12/30
Oko kukuthi, khetha ipleyiti yesalathiso enemingxuma engama-30, kwaye emva koko ujike i-12+1 okanye imingxuma eyi-13 kumngxunya wokumisa ivili elingasentla njengomngxuma wokumisa ivili langoku.
Ukuba zonke iiplate zesalathisi azikho inani lemingxuma efunekayo ekubaleni, indlela yokulinganisa i-compound kufuneka isetyenziswe ekubaleni, engabandakanywanga kule ndlela yokubala. Kwimveliso yokwenyani, i-gear hobbing isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kuba owona msebenzi emva kokubala i-compound indexing akulula kakhulu.
6. Ifomula yokubala yehexagon ebhalwe kwisangqa
① Fumana amacala amathandathu achaseneyo esangqa D (S umphezulu)
S=0.866D ubukhulu × 0.866 (umlingane)
② Fumana ububanzi besangqa (D) ukusuka kwelinye icala lehexagon (S surface)
D=1.1547S licala elichaseneyo × 1.1547 (i-coefficient)
7. Iifomula zokubala zamacala amathandathu achaseneyo kunye nediagonal kwinkqubo yesihloko esibandayo
① Fumana icala elichaseneyo (S) leheksagoni yangaphandle ukufumana i-engile echaseneyo e
e=1.13s licala elichaseneyo × 1.13
② Fumana i-engile echaseneyo (e) yehexagon yangaphakathi ukusuka kwelinye icala (ama)
e=1.14s licala elichaseneyo × 1.14 (i-coefficient)
③Bala idiamitha yemathiriyeli yentloko yekona echaseneyo (D) ukusuka kwelinye icala (s) lehexagon yangaphandle
Ububanzi besangqa (D) kufuneka kubalwe ngokwe (ifomula yesibini kwi-6) amacala amathandathu aphikisanayo (i-s-plane) kunye nexabiso layo le-offset center kufuneka linyuswe ngokufanelekileyo, oko kukuthi, i-D≥1.1547s. Isixa se-offset center sinokuqikelelwa kuphela.
8. Ifomula yokubala yesikwere esibhalwe kwisangqa
① Fumana icala elichasene nesikwere (S umphezulu) ukusuka kwisangqa (D)
S=0.7071D ubukhulu×0.7071
② Fumana isangqa (D) ukusuka kumacala achaseneyo kwizikwere ezine (S umphezulu)
D=1.414S licala elichaseneyo×1.414
9. Iifomula zokubala zamacala amane achaseneyo kunye neekona ezichaseneyo zenkqubo yesihloko esibandayo
① Fumana i-engile echaseneyo (e) yecala elichaseneyo (S) lesikwere esingaphandle
e=1.4s, oko kukuthi, icala elichaseneyo (ama)×1.4 iparamitha
② Fumana i-engile echaseneyo (e) yamacala amane angaphakathi (ama)
e=1.45s licala elichaseneyo (s)×1.45 i-coefficient
10. Ifomula yokubala yomthamo wehexagonal
s20.866×H/m/k lithetha icala elichaseneyo×elichaseneyo×0.866×ubude okanye ubukhulu.
11. Ifomula yokubala yomthamo wekhowuni ecuthiweyo (ikhowuni)
I-0.262H (D2+d2+D×d) yi-0.262×ubude×(idayamitha yentloko enkulu×idayamitha yentloko enkulu+idayamitha yentloko encinci×intloko encinci+intloko+intloko enkulu×idayamitha yentloko encinci).
12. Ifomula yokubala umthamo womzimba ongekhoyo ongqukuva (onjengentloko eyisisetyhula)
3.1416h2(Rh/3) yi 3.1416×ubude×ubude×(radius-height÷3).
13. Ifomula yokubala yokulinganisa imilinganiselo yeetephu zemisonto yangaphakathi
1. Ukubalwa kwetaphu enkulu yedayamitha D0
D0=D+(0.866025P/8)×(0.5~1.3), oko kukuthi, ubungakanani obusisiseko bomsonto omkhulu wedayamitha yempompo+0.866025 pitch÷8×0.5 ukuya kwi-1.3.
Qaphela: Ukukhethwa kwe-0.5 ku-1.3 kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokobukhulu bebala. Ixabiso le-pitch likhulu, i-coefficient encinci kufuneka isetyenziswe. Okuphikisanayo,
Incinci ixabiso le-pitch, i-coefficient iya kuba nkulu.
2. Ukubalwa komthamo wempompo yepitshi (D2)
D2=(3×0.866025P)/8 oko kukuthi, itephu pitch=3×0.866025×umsonto pitch÷8
3. Ukubalwa komthamo wempompo (D1)
D1=(5×0.866025P)/8 oko kukuthi, itephu ububanzi=5×0.866025×umsonto pitch÷8
14. Ifomula yokubala yobude bezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukubumba isihloko esibandayo seemilo ezahlukeneyo
Eyaziwayo: Ifomula yomthamo wesangqa yi-diameter × ububanzi × 0.7854 × ubude okanye i-radius × i-radius × 3.1416 × ubude. Oko kukuthi d2×0.7854×L okanye R2×3.1416×L
Xa ubala, umthamo wezinto ezifunekayo yi-X÷diameter÷diameter÷0.7854 okanye i-X÷radius÷radius÷3.1416, ubude bokutya.
Ifomyula yeKholam=X/(3.1416R2) okanye X/0.7854d2
X kwifomula imele umthamo ofunekayo wemathiriyeli;
L imele elona xabiso lobude bokutyisa;
I-R/d imele iradiyasi yokwenyani okanye i-diameter yemathiriyeli eyondliwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-06-2023
