Ukuphuhliswa kweemela kuthatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwimbali yenkqubela yabantu. Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-28 ukuya kuma-20 BC, iicones zobhedu kunye neecones zobhedu, iidrill, iimela kunye nezinye iimela zobhedu zazivele eTshayina. Ngasekupheleni kwexesha le-Warring States (kwinkulungwane yesithathu ye-BC), iimela zobhedu zenziwe ngenxa yobuchule betekhnoloji ye-carburizing. Iidrill kunye neesarha ngelo xesha zazinento efanayo kunye nezixhobo zanamhlanje ezicaba kunye neesarha.
Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweemela lweza nokuphuhliswa koomatshini abafana neenjini zomphunga ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18.
Ngo-1783, uRené waseFransi waqala ukuvelisa izixhobo zokusila. Ngowe-1923, uSchrotter waseJamani wenza i-carbide enesamente. Xa i-carbide ene-cemented isetyenzisiweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kungaphezu kokuphindwe kabini kwintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuchaneka komgangatho we-workpiece ecutshungulwayo nayo iphuculwe kakhulu.
Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lentsimbi kunye ne-cemented carbide, ngo-1938, iNkampani yaseJamani iDegusa yafumana ilungelo lobunikazi kwiimela ze-ceramic. Ngo-1972, iGeneral Electric Company yaseUnited States yavelisa i-polycrystalline synthetic diamond kunye ne-polycrystalline cubic boron nitride blades. Ezi zixhobo zesixhobo ezingezona zetsimbi zivumela isixhobo ukuba sinqumle ngesantya esiphezulu.
Ngo-1969, i-Swedish Sandvik Steel Works yafumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lokuvelisa i-titanium carbide-coated carbide efakwe ngekhemikhali yokufaka umphunga. Ngo-1972, i-Bangsha kunye ne-Lagolan e-United States yavelisa indlela yokubeka umphunga womzimba wokugqoka umaleko oqinileyo we-titanium carbide okanye i-titanium nitride kumphezulu we-samente ye-carbide okanye izixhobo zensimbi ezinesantya esiphezulu. Indlela yokugubungela umphezulu idibanisa amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina kwezinto ezisisiseko kunye nobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka komgangatho ophezulu, ukwenzela ukuba izinto ezidibeneyo zibe nokusebenza kakuhle kokusika.
Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, kunye namalungu asebenza kumajelo eendaba e-corrosive fluid, kuya kusetyenziswa ngakumbi nangakumbi izinto ezinzima kumatshini, kunye nenqanaba le-automation ye-automation processing kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka kokusebenza ziya phezulu kwaye ziphezulu. . Xa ukhetha i-angle yesixhobo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela impembelelo yezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokusebenza, iipropathi zokucubungula (i-rough, ukugqiba), njl., kwaye kufuneka zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwemeko ethile.
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zesixhobo: i-high-speed steel, i-cemented carbide (kubandakanya i-cermet), i-ceramics, i-CBN (i-cubic boron nitride), i-PCD (i-polycrystalline diamond), ngenxa yokuba ubunzima babo bunzima kunomnye, ngoko kuthethwa ngokubanzi, isantya sokusika sikwasinye. mde kunomnye.
Uhlalutyo lwentsebenzo yesixhobo
Isantya esiphezulu sentsimbi:
Inokwahlulwa ibe yintsimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu kunye nentsimbi esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu.
Intsimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu, efana neW18Cr4V, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iimela ezahlukeneyo ezintsonkothileyo. Isantya salo sokusika ngokuqhelekileyo asiphezulu kakhulu, kwaye yi-40-60m / min xa usika izinto eziqhelekileyo zetsimbi.
Intsimbi esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, efana ne-W12Cr4V4Mo, inyibilika ngokongeza umxholo wekhabhoni, umxholo we-vanadium, i-cobalt, i-aluminiyam kunye nezinye izinto kwintsimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu. Ukuqina kwayo ngamaxesha angama-1.5-3 okwentsimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu.
Carbide:
Ngokutsho kwe-GB2075-87 (ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho we-190), inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: i-P, M, kunye ne-K. P-uhlobo lwe-cemented carbide lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukusetyenzwa kwesinyithi esinentsimbi kunye neetshiphusi ezinde, kwaye iblue isetyenziswa njenge uphawu; Udidi lwe-M lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekusetyenzweni kweentsimbi ezinentsimbi. Nezimbiwa non-ayoni, ephawulwe ngomthubi, eyaziwa ngokuba jikelele-injongo ingxubevange nzima, uhlobo K isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukusetyenzwa isinyithi, isinyithi non-ayoni kunye nezixhobo non-metallic kunye chips ezimfutshane, ephawulwe ngobomvu.
Amanani ama-Arabhu emva kwe-P, M, kunye no-K abonisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nomthwalo wokucubungula okanye iimeko zokucubungula. Okukhona lincinci inani, kokukhona buphakama ubulukhuni kwaye kokukhona ukuqina.
iiseramikhi:
Izinto zeCeramic zinokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle kwaye ziyakwazi ukucubungula izinto ezinobunzima obunzima okanye obungenakwenzeka ukujongana nezixhobo zemveli. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokusika i-ceramic zinokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okucutshungulwa kwe-annealing, kwaye ke ngoko kunokonyusa ubunzima bomsebenzi kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo somatshini.
Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-ceramic blade kunye nentsimbi kuncinci xa kunqunyulwa, ukusika akulula ukunamathela kwi-blade, kwaye akulula ukuvelisa umgca owenziweyo, kwaye unokwenza ukusika okuphezulu. Ngoko ke, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, uburhabaxa bomphezulu be-workpiece buphantsi. Ukuqina kwesixhobo kumaxesha amaninzi okanye amatyeli amaninzi aphezulu kunezo zixhobo zemveli, ezinciphisa inani lotshintsho lwesixhobo ngexesha lokucubungula; ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ubulukhuni obuhle obubomvu. Inokusika ngokuqhubekayo kwi-1200°C. Ngoko ke, isantya sokusika sokufakwa kwe-ceramic sinokuphakama kakhulu kune-carbide ene-cemented. Inokwenza ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu okanye iqonde "ukutshintsha ukucola ngokujika nokusila". Ukusebenza kokusika kumaxesha angama-3-10 aphezulu kunezo zixhobo zokusika zendabuko, ukufikelela kwisiphumo sokugcina iiyure zomntu, umbane, kunye nenani lezixhobo zomatshini nge-30-70% okanye ngaphezulu.
CBN:
Esi sisixhobo sesibini sobulukhuni esaziwayo ngoku. Ubulukhuni bephepha elihlanganisiweyo le-CBN ngokuqhelekileyo yi-HV3000 ~ 5000, enozinzo oluphezulu lwe-thermal kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bokushisa, kwaye inokumelana ne-oxidation ephezulu. I-oxidation iyenzeka, kwaye akukho mpendulo yekhemikhali eyenzekayo kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe kwintsimbi kwi-1200-1300 ° C. Ine-conductivity enhle ye-thermal kunye ne-coefficient ephantsi ye-friction.
I-PCD yedayimani yePolycrystalline:
Iimela zedayimani zineempawu zobunzima obuphezulu, amandla acinezelayo aphezulu, i-thermal conductivity elungileyo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kwaye inokufumana ukuchaneka kokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ekusikeni ngesantya esiphezulu. Kuba ulwakhiwo lwe-PCD ngumzimba owenziwe ngedayimane ocolekileyo onemikhomba-ndlela eyahlukileyo, ukuqina kwayo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kusengaphantsi kwezo zedayimani enye yekristale ngaphandle kokongezwa kwesibophelelo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweentsimbi ezingezizo isinyithi kunye nezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi zincinci kakhulu, kwaye iitshiphusi azilulanga ukuncamathela kwincam yesixhobo ukwenza umda owakhiweyo ngexesha lokucubungula.
Imimandla eyahlukeneyo yokusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli:
Isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu: sisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizihlandlo ezifuna ukuqina okuphezulu njengezixhobo zokwenza izixhobo kunye neemilo ezinzima;
I-carbide enesamente: olona luhlu lubanzi lwezicelo, olukwaziyo;
I-Ceramics: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumatshini omdaka kunye nesantya esiphezulu somatshini ojikelezayo kunye neenxalenye zentsimbi;
I-CBN: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezinzima ezijikayo kunye ne-high-speed machining ye-cast iron parts (ukuthetha ngokubanzi, kusebenza ngakumbi kune-ceramics ngokwemiqathango yokumelana nokugqoka, ukuqina kwempembelelo kunye nokuchasana nokuphuka);
I-PCD: Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukusika i-high-effective cut of non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials.
Izixhobo ze-Xinfa CNC zinomgangatho obalaseleyo kunye nokuqina olomeleleyo, ngeenkcukacha, nceda ujonge: https://www.xinfatools.com/cnc-tools/
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-02-2023
