Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweendlela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nezinzima, ulwakhiwo lomzila ngokuthe ngcembe lutshintshwa yimigca engenamthungo esuka kwimigca eqhelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nemigca eqhelekileyo, umgca ongenamthungo ususa inani elikhulu lamalungu kaloliwe kumzi-mveliso, ngoko unoncedo lokuhamba kakuhle, iindleko zokugcinwa komkhondo ophantsi, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Sele ibe yeyona ndlela iphambili yokwakha umzila kaloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu okwangoku. Umzila ongenamthungo bubuchwepheshe obutsha obubalulekileyo bomzila kaloliwe. Umgca owenziwe ngokudibanisa iileyili zetsimbi eziqhelekileyo kwiireyili ezide zobude obuthile, ukudibanisa kunye nokubeka iileyili ezide kunye nobude obuthile kuthiwa ngumgca ongenamthungo. I-welding kaloliwe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokubeka imigca engenamthungo.
Okwangoku, iindlela zokuwelda zokudityaniswa komzila kaloliwe ongenamthungo ikakhulu zibandakanya ukuwelda konxibelelwano lukaloliwe, ukuwelda koxinzelelo lwegesi kunye ne-aluminothermic welding:
01 Qhagamshelana ne-welding indlela kunye nenkqubo
Ukudibanisa umzila kaloliwe (i-flash welding) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-welding yefektri. I-95% yomgca ongenamthungo igqitywe yile nkqubo, oko kukuthi, umzila wesitimela oqhelekileyo kunye nobude beemitha ezingama-25 kwaye akukho mingxuma idityaniswe kumzila omde weemitha ezingama-200-500.
Umgaqo kukusebenzisa umsinga wombane ukuvelisa ubushushu ngomphezulu woqhagamshelwano kaloliwe ukunyibilikisa isiphelo senxalenye yobuso kaloliwe, uze ugqibezele ukuwelda ngokuphazamisa. Ekubeni umthombo wokushisa welding yoqhagamshelwano uvela kumthombo wokushisa wangaphakathi we-workpiece, ubushushu bugxininiswe, ixesha lokufudumeza lifutshane, inkqubo ye-welding ayifuni isinyithi sokuzalisa, inkqubo ye-metallurgical ilula, indawo echaphazelekayo yokushisa encinci, kwaye kulula ukufumana idibano edityanisiweyo esemgangathweni.
Inkqubo ye-welding eyamkelwa ngumzi-mveliso we-welding kaloliwe ngokusisiseko iyafana, kubandakanywa: ukulinganisa umzila, ukufumanisa impazamo, ukulungisa isiphelo sobuso bomzila kaloliwe, ukungena kwisikhululo ukuba sidityaniswe, ukuwelda, ukugaya rhabaxa, ukugaya kakuhle, ukulungisa, ukuqhelekileyo, isiphene. ukufumanisa, ukungena kwiqonga likaloliwe, ukufaka Inkqubo ye-welding yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Umgangatho we-welding uhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nomthwalo womsebenzi wokugcinwa komgca. Ukuba kukho ingxaki, oko kuya kubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lokuqhuba kwiimeko ezinzima. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ze-welding kaloliwe, i-Flash welding inezinga eliphezulu lokuzisebenzela kwaye ayichatshazelwa kangako zizinto zabantu. Izixhobo ze-welding zixhotyiswe ngolawulo lwekhompyutheni, kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci kumgangatho we-welding kunye nemveliso ephezulu ye-welding. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-welding yoxinzelelo lwegesi kunye ne-thermite welding, amandla okudibanisa i-welding seam kaloliwe iphezulu, kwaye izinga lokuphuka kumgca li malunga ne-0.5 / 10000 okanye ngaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nesiseko semathiriyeli, amandla ayo asephantsi kunento yesiseko ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
(1) Umzila wesitimela sisixhobo sebha yecandelo elikhulu, kwaye i-core material yayo ihlwempuzekile, kunye neendawo ezincibilikisiweyo ezidibeneyo, ezikhululekileyo kunye neenkozo ezirhabaxa. Ngexesha le-welding kunye nenkqubo ephazamisayo, i-edge edge ikhutshwe, kunye neyona nto ingundoqo Ithatyathelwa indawo yokwandiswa kwangaphandle, kwaye izicubu ze-fibrous ziphazamiseka kwaye zigobile, kwaye ubuninzi bezinto eziphazamisayo, kubonakala ngakumbi le meko.
(2) Ngenxa yempembelelo ye-thermal ye-welding yokushisa okuphezulu, iinkozo zilukhuni kwindawo ye-1-2mm ejikeleze i-weld, kwaye iinkozo ziyancipha ukuya kumabakala angama-1-2.
(3) Icandelo lomnqamlezo lomzila wesitimela alilingani, umphezulu kunye nomzantsi wesitimela ngamacandelo adibeneyo, kwaye iikona ezimbini zomzantsi wesitimela ngamacandelo awandisiweyo. Ubushushu beekona ezimbini zomzantsi wesitimela buphantsi ngexesha le-welding. uxinzelelo lobushushu
(4) Kukho iziphene ekunzima ukuphelisa kwi-weld - amabala angwevu.
02 Uxinzelelo lwegesi welding welding indlela kunye nenkqubo
Okwangoku, i-welding yegesi esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-welding ye-rails ngumatshini omncinci we-welding wegesi ohambahambayo, osetyenziselwa ukuwelda amajoyinti adibeneyo omzila omde kwisiza, kwaye unokusebenzisa i-skylight evaliweyo ukuwelda iileyili ezonakalisiweyo.
Umgaqo-siseko kukufudumeza ubuso obudibeneyo bomzila wesitimela ukuya kwimeko yeplastiki, kunye nokuvelisa isixa esiphazamisayo phantsi kwesenzo samandla asisigxina. Xa isixa esiphazamisayo sifikelela kwisixa esithile, umzila wesitimela udityaniswe ngokupheleleyo.
Oomatshini bangoku abancinci be-welding ye-air i-welding yasekhaya, kwaye inkqubo ye-welding ngokubanzi ihlukaniswe ngokwezigaba ezifana ne-oxy-acetylene flame preheating, pre-pressurization, i-low-pressure upsetting, i-high-pressure upsetting, kunye nokubamba uxinzelelo kunye nokutyhala. Kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa iileyili ngesandla kwaye ukhangele iimeko zokufudumeza ngeso lenyama, ngoko ke ichaphazeleka kakhulu yimiba yabantu, kwaye ixhomekeke kwiimpazamo ze-weld kunye neziphene ezidibeneyo.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ineempawu zezixhobo ezilula, ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nobunzima obulula, kulula ukuhamba kwi-intanethi, ngaphandle kwe-intanethi nakwindawo yokwakha, kwaye umsebenzi ulula, ngoko ke usetyenziselwa ukuwelda iileyili ezide kwindawo yokwakha. .
03 Indlela yokudibanisa i-Thermite kunye nenkqubo
Ukuwelda kweThermite ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukuwelda kwisiza koololiwe bakaloliwe, kwaye yindlela eyimfuneko ekubekweni komgca, ngakumbi ukutshixa intambo engenamthungo kunye nokulungiswa kweereyile ezaphukileyo. I-aluminothermic welding of rails isekelwe kubudlelwane obuqinileyo bekhemikhali phakathi kwe-aluminiyam kwi-flux kunye ne-oxygen phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa. Yehlisa isinyithi esinzima kwaye ikhuphe ubushushu ngaxeshanye, inyibilikisa iintsimbi zibe yintsimbi enyibilikisiweyo yokugalela kunye nokuwelda.
Inkqubo ebalulekileyo kukubeka i-thermite flux elungiselelwe kwi-crucible ekhethekileyo, ukutshisa i-flux kunye nomdlalo ophezulu wokushisa, ukuvelisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezinamandla, kunye nokufumana i-high-temperature steel metal and slag. Emva kokuba ukusabela kuzolile, galela intsimbi enobushushu obuphezulu obunyibilikisiweyo kwintsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kwi-Fasten iireyile kwi-mold yesanti efudunyeziweyo, unyibilikise iziphelo zeereyile ezijijelweyo kubumba lwesanti, susa ukungunda kwesanti emva kokupholisa, kwaye uhlengahlengise amalungu adityanisiweyo ngexesha. , kwaye amacandelo amabini omzila adityaniswe abe yinto enye. Nangona izixhobo zokuwelda i-aluminothermic zineempawu zotyalo-mali oluphantsi, ukusebenza ngokulula kwe-welding, kunye nokugudiseka okuhle kokudityaniswa, i-weld seam sisakhiwo esityebileyo esinobunkunkqele kunye neplastiki. Kungcono ukwenza unyango lwe-post-weld lokushisa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-welded joint. .
Ngamafutshane, umgangatho we-welding yee-rails ezide kufuneka ube ngcono kunye ne-welding yoqhagamshelwano kunye ne-gas pressure welding. Amandla okugqibela, amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla okudinwa kwe-welding yoqhagamshelwano kunye ne-gas pressure welding inokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-90% yesiseko sesinyithi. Umgangatho we-aluminothermic welding mbi kancinane, amandla ayo okugqibela amalunga ne-70% kuphela yesiseko sesinyithi, amandla okudinwa abi kakhulu, afikelela kuphela kuma-45% ukuya kuma-70% esiseko sesinyithi, kwaye amandla esivuno angcono kancinci, nto leyo ikufutshane naleyo ye-welding yoqhagamshelwano.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-01-2023
