Kukho izinto ezininzi ezifuna ukuhoywa ngqalelo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Ukuba ayihoywa, isenokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezinkulu.
Iinkcukacha zichaza impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli, nceda uyifunde ngomonde!
1 Musa ukunikela ingqalelo ekukhetheni i-voltage engcono kakhulu ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwe-welding
[I-Phenomena] Ngexesha le-welding, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani be-groove, nokuba isiseko, ukuzaliswa okanye ukugubungela, i-arc voltage efanayo ikhethiwe. Ngale ndlela, ubunzulu obufunekayo bokungena kunye nobubanzi abunakufezekiswa, kwaye iziphene ezinje nge-undercuts, pores, kunye ne-spatter zingenzeka.
[Imilinganiselo] Ngokubanzi, i-arc ende ehambelanayo okanye i-arc emfutshane kufuneka ikhethwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ukufumana umgangatho ongcono we-welding kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi omfutshane we-arc kufuneka usetyenziswe ukuze ufumane ukungena okungcono ngexesha le-welding ephantsi, kwaye i-voltage ye-arc inokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kufumaneke ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nobubanzi bokunyibilika ngexesha lokuzalisa i-welding okanye i-welding cover.
2 I-Welding ayilawuli i-welding current
[I-Phenomena] Ngexesha le-welding, ukuze ufumane inkqubela phambili, i-welds ye-butt yamacwecwe aphakathi kunye atyebileyo ayigudi. Isalathiso samandla siyehla, okanye singaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo, kwaye ukuqhekeka kubonakala ngexesha lovavanyo lokugoba. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba ukusebenza kwe-weld joint ingakwazi ukuqinisekiswa kwaye ibeka ingozi enokubakho kukhuseleko lwesakhiwo.
[Amanyathelo] Xa i-welding, i-welding current kufuneka ilawulwe ngokwenkqubo yokuvavanya, kwaye i-10 ukuya kwi-15% iguquguqukayo ivumelekile. Ubungakanani bomphetho onqabileyo we-groove akufanele budlule i-6mm. Xa i-docking, xa ubukhulu beplate budlula i-6mm, ii-bevels kufuneka zenziwe kwi-welding.
3 Ukungahoywa kusetyenziso olulungelelanisiweyo lwesantya se-welding, i-welding current, kunye ne-diameter ye-electrode
[Phenomena] Xa welding, musa ingqalelo ukulawula isantya welding kunye welding yangoku, kwaye ulungelelanise ukusetyenziswa electrode ububanzi kunye nesikhundla welding.
Ngokomzekelo, xa usenza i-primer welding kwi-seam yekona engene ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yobungakanani bengcambu emxinwa, ukuba isantya se-welding sikhawuleza kakhulu, i-gas yengcambu kunye ne-slag inclusions ayinalo ixesha elaneleyo lokukhutshwa, enokuthi ibangele lula iziphene ezinjalo. njengokungena okungaphelelanga, ukufakwa kwe-slag, kunye nama-pores kwingcambu. ; Xa udibanisa ikhava, ukuba isantya se-welding sikhawuleza kakhulu, kulula ukuvelisa ama-pores; ukuba isantya se-welding sicotha kakhulu, ukuqiniswa kwe-weld kuya kuba phezulu kakhulu kwaye imilo iya kuba yinto engafanelekanga; xa welding iipleyiti ezibhityileyo okanye welds kunye imiphetho emincinane blunt, isantya welding iya kuba phezulu kakhulu. Ucotha kwaye ulungele ukudinwa kunye nezinye iimeko.
[Imilinganiselo] Isantya seWelding sinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumgangatho we-welding kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-welding. Xa ukhetha, khetha isantya esifanelekileyo se-welding ngokuhambelana ne-welding yangoku, indawo ye-welding seam (i-welding ephantsi, i-welding yokuzalisa, i-welding cover), ubukhulu be-welding seam, kunye nobukhulu be-groove. Isantya, kwisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukungena, ukukhutshwa lula kwegesi kunye ne-welding slag, akukho ukutshisa, kunye nokwakheka okulungileyo, isantya esiphezulu se-welding sikhethwa ukuphucula imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
4 Ukungaphumeleli ukunikela ingqalelo kulawulo lobude be-arc ngexesha le-welding
[I-Phenomena] Ngexesha le-welding, ubude be-arc abulungiswanga ngokufanelekileyo ngokwefom ye-groove, inani le-welding layers, ifom ye-welding, imodeli ye-electrode, njl. .
[Amanyathelo] Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-weld, imisebenzi emfutshane ye-arc isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngexesha le-welding, kodwa ubude obufanelekileyo be-arc bunokukhethwa ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo ukuze kufumaneke umgangatho ophezulu we-welding, njengenyathelo lokuqala le-V-shaped. i-groove butt joints kunye namalungu ekona. Umaleko wokuqala kufuneka usebenzise i-arc emfutshane ukuqinisekisa ukungena ngaphandle kwe-undercutting, kwaye umaleko wesibini unokude kancinane ukuzalisa i-weld. Xa i-gap ye-weld incinci, i-arc emfutshane kufuneka isetyenziswe. Xa umsantsa umkhulu, i-arc inokuba nde kancinci kwaye isantya se-welding siya kukhawuleziswa. I-arc ye-overhead welding kufuneka ibe yeyona imfutshane ukukhusela i-iron etyhidiweyo ukuba ihambe ijonge ezantsi; ukuze kulawulwe ubushushu bechibi elinyibilikisiweyo ngexesha le-welding ethe nkqo nethe tyaba, i-arc encinci yangoku kunye ne-short welding kufuneka isetyenziswe.
Ukongezelela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwe-welding olusetyenzisiweyo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekugcineni ubude be-arc bungatshintshi ngokusisiseko ngexesha lokuhamba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ububanzi bokungena kunye nokungena kwe-weld yonke kuyahambelana.
5 I-Welding ngaphandle kokunikela ingqalelo ekulawuleni i-welding deformation
[Phenomena] Xa ukuwelda, awunikeli ngqalelo ekulawuleni deformation ukusuka imiba ukuwelda ulandelelwano, ilungiselelo abasebenzi, ifomu groove, ukutyumba iinkcukacha zokukhetha kunye neendlela zokusebenza, njl, nto leyo ekhokelela deformation enkulu emva welding, ubunzima ukulungiswa, kunye ukwanda kweendleko, ngakumbi kwiipleyiti ezishinyeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ezinkulu. Ukulungiswa kunzima, kwaye ukulungiswa koomatshini kunokubangela ngokulula iintanda okanye iinyembezi ze-lamellar. Iindleko zokulungiswa komlilo ziphezulu kwaye ukusebenza kakubi kunokubangela ukugqithiswa kwe-workpiece ngokulula.
Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezineemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, ukuba amanyathelo asebenzayo okulawula ukuguqulwa akathathwanga, imilinganiselo yokufakela i-workpiece ayiyi kuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa, kwaye inokubangela ukuphinda kusebenze okanye ukuchithwa.
[Amanyathelo] Yamkela ulandelelwano lwe-welding olufanelekileyo kwaye ukhethe ukucaciswa kwe-welding efanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokusebenza, kunye ne-anti-deformation kunye nemilinganiselo yokulungisa eqinile.
I-6 ye-welding ye-Multi-layer iqhutywa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye akukho ngqalelo ehlawulwayo ekulawuleni ubushushu phakathi kweeleyile.
[Phenomena] Xa welding multi-layer amacwecwe ashinyeneyo, musa ukunikela ingqalelo kulawulo lobushushu phakathi umaleko. Ukuba ikhefu phakathi kweeleya lide kakhulu, ukuwelda ngaphandle kokufudumeza kuya kubangela ngokulula iintanda ezibandayo phakathi kweeleya; ukuba ikhefu lifutshane kakhulu, iqondo lobushushu phakathi kweeleya liya kuthi Ukuba iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu (ligqithise kwi-900 ° C), liya kuchaphazela kwakhona ukusebenza kwe-weld kunye nendawo echatshazelwe bubushushu, kubangele iinkozo ezirhabaxa, kubangele ukuhla ukuqina kunye neplastiki, kunye nokushiya iingozi ezinokubakho kumalungu.
[Imilinganiselo] Xa welding multi- umaleko amacwecwe ashinyeneyo, ulawulo lobushushu inter-umaleko kufuneka womelezwa. Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-welding eqhubekayo, ukushisa kwesiseko se-welding kufuneka kuhlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukushisa kwe-inter-layer kuhambelana ngokusemandleni kunye nokushisa kwangaphambili. Ubushushu obuphezulu kufuneka bulawuleke.
Ixesha le-welding akufanele libe lide kakhulu. Kwimeko yokuphazamiseka kwe-welding, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo emva kokufudumeza kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu. Xa i-welding kwakhona, iqondo lokushisa lokufudumeza kwakhona kufuneka libe phezulu ngokufanelekileyo kunobushushu bokuqala bokufudumala.
I-7 I-Welds ye-Multi-layer ifakwe kwi-weld layer ngaphandle kokususa i-welding slag kunye neziphene kwi-weld surface.
[Phenomena] Xa multi- umaleko welding iipleyiti ashinyeneyo, welding of the asezantsi umaleko iqhutywa ngqo ngaphandle kokususa welding slag kunye neziphene emva umaleko welding ngamnye. Oku kunokubangela lula iziphene ezifana ne-slag inclusions, ii-pores, iintanda kunye nezinye iziphene kwi-weld, ukunciphisa amandla okudibanisa kunye nokubangela i-welding yomgangatho ophantsi. ixesha splash.
[Imilinganiselo] Xa udibanisa iipleyiti ezishinyeneyo kumaleko amaninzi, umaleko ngamnye kufuneka udityaniswe ngokuqhubekayo. Emva kokuba uluhlu ngalunye lwe-welding seam ludityanisiwe, i-welding slag, i-welding seam surface defects kunye ne-spatter kufuneka isuswe ngexesha. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphene ezifana ne-slag inclusions, ii-pores, ii-cracks kunye nezinye iziphene ezichaphazela umgangatho we-welding zifunyenwe, kufuneka zisuswe ngokupheleleyo phambi kwe-welding.
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8 Ubungakanani befillet obungonelanga kwibutt ehlangeneyo okanye kwikona yebutt indibaniselwano ye welds ezifuna ukungena
[Phenomena] Impundu okanye ikona okudityanisiweyo okudityanisiweyo okudityanisiweyo kufuna ukungena okunje ngeendawo ezimilise okwe-T, iindawo ezinqamlezileyo, iindawo ezidityanisiweyo zekona, njl. njl ziyilelwe. Ukuba ubungakanani bomlenze we-weld weld ye-plate edge uxhumano weld akwanelanga, amandla kunye nokuqina kwe-weld akuyi kuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.
[Imilinganiselo] Amalungu amise okwe-T, adityanisiweyo anqamlezileyo, adityaniswe kwikona kunye nezinye iiwelds ezidityanisiweyo zebutt ezifuna ukungena kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno zoyilo kwaye kufuneka zibe nemilenze yokuwelda eyaneleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubungakanani bomlenze we-welding akufanele bube ngaphantsi kwe-0.25t (t yindawo yokudibanisa i-plate ye-thinner plate). Ubungakanani bomlenze we-weld edibanisa iwebhu kunye ne-flange ephezulu ye-crane beam okanye i-web plate efanayo eyenzelwe ukufuna ukuqinisekiswa kokukhathala yi-0.5t kwaye akufanele ibe mkhulu kune-10mm. Ukuphambuka okuvumelekileyo kwemilinganiselo ye-welding yi-0 ~ 4 mm.
9 I-Welding iplaga incam yentonga ye-welding okanye ibhloko yentsimbi kwisithuba esidityanisiweyo
[I-Phenomena] Ekubeni kunzima ukudibanisa i-electrode tip okanye ibhloko yentsimbi kunye neqhekeza elidibeneyo ngexesha le-welding, iziphene ze-welding ezifana nokungabikho kokudibanisa kunye nokungabikho kokungena kuya kubangela, kwaye amandla okudibanisa aya kuncitshiswa. Ukuba intonga ye-welding yentloko okanye ibhloko yensimbi izaliswe ngumhlwa, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zihambelana nesiseko; ukuba i-welding intonga yentloko okanye ibhloko yensimbi izaliswe ngamathambo e-oyile, ukungcola, njl., iya kubangela iziphene ezifana ne-pores, i-slag inclusions, kunye nokuqhekeka kwi-weld. Le miqathango iya kunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho we-welds we-joints kwaye ingaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho woyilo kunye neenkcukacha ze-welds.
【umlinganiselo】
(1) Xa isikhewu sendibano yesixhobo sokusebenza sisikhulu, kodwa asidluli kuluhlu oluvumelekileyo lokusetyenziswa, kwaye isithuba sendibano sidlula amaxesha ama-2 ubukhulu beshiti okanye singaphezulu kwe-20mm, kufuneka kusetyenziswe indlela yokujonga phezulu ukuze kuzaliswe i-recessed. iinxalenye okanye ukunciphisa i-gap yendibano. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukusebenzisa indlela yokuzalisa intloko yentonga ye-welding okanye ibhloko yentsimbi yokulungisa i-welding kwi-gap edibeneyo.
(2) Xa kusetyenzwa kunye nokumakisha iindawo, kufuneka kuhlawulwe ingqalelo ekushiyeni isibonelelo esaneleyo sokusika kunye nesibonelelo sokunciphisa i-welding emva kokusika, kunye nokulawula ubungakanani bamacandelo. Musa ukwandisa i-gap ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani bembonakalo.
10 Ukunganikeli ingqalelo kulandelelwano lwe-welding lwamacandelo ane-welds cross
[I-Phenomena] Kumacandelo ane-welds enqamlezileyo, asiyi kuqwalasela ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kokulandelelana kwe-welding ngokuhlalutya ukukhululwa koxinzelelo lwe-welding kunye nefuthe loxinzelelo lwe-welding kwi-deformation yecandelo, kodwa i-weld ngokulandelelana ngokuthe tye kwaye ngokuthe tye. Ngenxa yoko, i-seams ethe nkqo kunye ne-horizontal iya kunyanzeliswa enye kwenye, okubangela ukuba kukhulu Uxinzelelo lwe-shrinkage yokushisa luya kubangela ukuba i-plate iguqulwe, yenza i-plate surface ingalingani, kwaye inokubangela ukuqhekeka kwi-welds.
[Imilinganiselo] Kumacandelo ane-welds enqamlezayo, ulandelelwano lwe-welding olufanelekileyo kufuneka luphuhliswe. Xa kukho iiweld ezininzi ezithe nkqo nezithe tyaba ezizakudityaniswa, i-welds enqamlezayo kunye ne-shrinkage deformation enkulu kufuneka idityaniswe kuqala, kwaye emva koko i-welds ye-longitudinal. Ngale ndlela, i-welds enqamlezileyo ayiyi kunyanzeliswa yi-welds ye-longitudinal kunye noxinzelelo lwe-shrinkage yee-seams ezinqamlekileyo ziya kuncitshiswa. Ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kokuthintela kunokunciphisa i-welding deformation kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-weld, okanye i-weld butt welds kuqala kwaye emva koko i-weld welds.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-01-2023
