Ziziphi iindlela zovavanyo olungonakalisi lwe-welds, Yintoni umahluko

Uvavanyo olungonakalisi kukusetyenziswa kweempawu ze-acoustic, optical, magnetic kunye nombane, ngaphandle kokulimaza okanye ukuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwento ephantsi kwesiseko sokusebenza kwento ekufuneka ihlolwe, ukufumanisa ubukho beziphene okanye inhomogeneities kwinto. ukuba ihlolwe, ukunika ubungakanani beziphene, indawo yeziphene, ubume benani lolwazi njalo njalo, kwaye emva koko kumiselwe ubume bobugcisa bento eza kuhlolwa (umzekelo, isiqinisekiso okanye esingafanelekanga, ubomi obushiyekileyo. njalo njalo) zonke iindlela zobugcisa zexesha jikelele.

Iindlela zokuvavanya eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo: Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic (UT), uvavanyo lweMagnetic Particle (MT), uvavanyo lwe-Liquid Penetration (PT) kunye noVavanyo lwe-X-ray (RT).

Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic

I-UT (Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic) yenye yeendlela zokuvavanya ezingonakalisi kwishishini. Amaza e-Ultrasonic kwinto edibene neziphene, inxalenye yomsindo wesandi iya kubonakala, umthumeli kunye nomamkeli unokuhlalutya i-wave ebonakalisiweyo, inokuba ngumlinganiselo ochanekileyo ochanekileyo weziphene. Kwaye unokubonisa indawo kunye nobukhulu beziphene zangaphakathi, misela ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo.

Iinzuzo zovavanyo lwe-ultrasonic:

I-1, isakhono sokungena sikhulu, umzekelo, kwintsimbi ekuboneni okusebenzayo ukuya kwi-1 yeemitha okanye ngaphezulu;

I-2, ngenxa yeziphene zohlobo lwendiza ezifana nokuqhekeka, i-interlayers, njl., ukufunyanwa kovakalelo oluphezulu, kwaye inokugqiba ubunzulu kunye nobukhulu obunxulumene neziphene;

I-3, izixhobo ezikhaphukhaphu, ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, kulula ukuyiqonda uhlolo oluzenzekelayo.

Izinto ezingeloncedo:

Akulula ukujonga ubume obuntsonkothileyo bomsebenzi, kufuna iqondo elithile lokugudiswa kwendawo ehlolisisiweyo, kwaye i-arhente yokudibanisa iyafuneka ukuba igcwalise umsantsa phakathi kwe-probe kunye nomgangatho ohlolisisiweyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudibanisa okwaneleyo kwe-acoustic.

Ukuhlolwa kweNcam yeMagnetic

Okokuqala, masiqonde umgaqo wokuhlolwa kwesuntswana lamagnetic. Emva kwemagneti yezixhobo zeferromagnetic kunye nezinto zokusebenza, ngenxa yobukho bokungaqhubeki, iintambo zemagnethi zamandla kumphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza kunye kufutshane nomphezulu wokugqwethwa kwendawo, kunye nokuvelisa indawo yokuvuza, i-adsorption yomgubo wemagnethi osetyenziswa kumphezulu. yomsebenzi, ukwenza umkhondo obonakalayo wemagnethi ekukhanyeni okufanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ubonisa indawo, imilo kunye nobukhulu bokuyeka.

Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokunciphisa uhlolo lwamasuntswana kazibuthe zezi:

I-1, ukufumanisa i-particle magnetic flaw ifanelekile ukukhangela ukungaqhubeki kumphezulu wezinto ze-ferromagnetic kwaye kufuphi nomphezulu kunye nobukhulu obuncinci kakhulu kunye nezithuba ezimxinwa kakhulu ekunzima ukuzibona ngokubonakalayo.

2, uhlolo lwemagnethi lunokuba ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zokubhaqwa kwamalungu, kodwa kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamalungu ekufuneka abhaqwe.

I-3, inokufumana iintanda, ukufakwa, umgca weenwele, amabala amhlophe, ukugoqa, ukwahlula okubandayo kunye nokukhululeka kunye nezinye iziphene.

I-4, ukuhlolwa kwe-particle magnetic ayikwazi ukubona izinto ze-austenitic stainless steel kunye ne-welds ezidityanisiweyo nge-austenitic stainless steel welding electrode, kwaye ayikwazi ukubona ubhedu, i-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-titanium kunye nezinye izinto ezingenamagnetic. Kuba umphezulu imikrwelo enzulu, engcwatywe imingxuma nzulu kunye workpiece umphezulu engile ngaphantsi kwe 20 ° delamination kunye nokusonga kunzima ukufumana.

Ukubona ukungena kolwelo

Umgaqo osisiseko wokufumanisa ukungena kwe-liquid, indawo yecandelo ifakwe kwi-fluorescent dyes okanye i-coloring dyes, ngexesha elithile phantsi kwesenzo se-capillary, ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi lunokungena kwiiphene zokuvula umphezulu; emva kokususa ulwelo olungena kakhulu kumphezulu wenxalenye, kwaye emva koko ugqunywe ngumphuhlisi kumphezulu wenxalenye.

Ngokufanayo, phantsi kwesenzo se-capillary, umthuthukisi uya kutsala iziphene ekugcinweni kwe-permeate, abuyele kumphuhlisi, kumthombo othile wokukhanya (ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okanye ukukhanya okumhlophe), iziphene kwiimpawu ze-permeate ziboniswa, ( i-fluorescent ephuzi-luhlaza okanye obomvu obomvu), ukuze kubonwe iziphene ze-morphology kunye nokusabalalisa kombuso.

Iingenelo zokubona ukungena zezi:

1, inokubona izinto ezahlukeneyo;

2, unovakalelo oluphezulu;

I-3, umboniso unengqiqo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, iindleko zokubona eziphantsi.

Kwaye izinto ezingeloncedo zovavanyo lokungena zezi:

I-1, ayifanelekanga ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezixubileyo ezivulekileyo ezenziwe ngezinto zokusebenza kunye nezinto zokusebenza ezirhabaxa;

I-2, ukuvavanywa kokungena kunokubona kuphela ukusabalalisa kwendawo yeziphene, kunzima ukucacisa ubunzulu bokwenene beziphene, kwaye ngoko ke kunzima ukwenza uvavanyo lobungakanani beziphene. Iziphumo zokuchongwa zikwachatshazelwa ngumsebenzisi.

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Ukuhlolwa kweX-reyi

Okokugqibela, ukubonwa kwe-ray, kuba i-X-rays ngento elayishweyo iya kuba nelahleko, ubukhulu obuhlukeneyo bezinto ezahlukeneyo kwireyithi yokufunxa yahlukile, kwaye i-negative ibekwe kwelinye icala lento elayitiweyo, kuba ubunzulu bemitha. zahlukile kwaye zivelisa umzobo ohambelanayo, abaphononongi bhanyabhanya banokusekwa kumfanekiso ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukho iziphene ngaphakathi kwento kunye nohlobo lweziphene.

Ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa ukubonwa kwe-ray:

I-1, ubuthathaka ngakumbi bokubona iziphene ze-volumetric, kulula ukubonisa iziphene.

2, i-ray negative kulula ukuyigcina, kukho ukulandeleka.

3, ukubonwa kwemilo kunye nohlobo lweziphene.

I-4, izinto ezingeloncedo azikwazi ukufumana ubunzulu obungcwatyelwe kwiziphene, ngelixa ukubonwa kobunzima obulinganiselweyo, okungalunganga kufuneka kuthunyelwe ngokuthe ngqo ukuhlamba, kwaye umzimba womntu unengozi ethile, ixabiso liphezulu.

Ngamafutshane, i-ultrasonic, i-X-ray yokubona i-flaw ifanelekile ukufumanisa iziphene zangaphakathi; apho i-ultrasonic ngaphezulu kwe-5mm, kunye nokumila kweendawo eziqhelekileyo, i-X-reyi ayinakubufumana ubunzulu obungcwatyiweyo beziphene, imitha. I-particle ye-magnetic kunye nokukhangela i-flaw flaw ifanelekile ukufumanisa iziphene kumphezulu weendawo; phakathi kwabo, ukufunyanwa kwesiphako semagnethi kunqunyelwe ekuboneni izixhobo zemagneti, kwaye ukufumanisa isiphene sokungena kunqunyelwe ukufumanisa iziphene ezivulekileyo kumphezulu.