1. Khetha iiparamitha zejometri zesixhobo
Xa umatshini wensimbi engenasici, ijometri yecandelo lokusika isixhobo kufuneka liqwalaselwe ngokubanzi ukusuka kukhetho lwe-rake angle kunye ne-angle yangasemva. Xa ukhetha i-engile ye-rake, izinto ezinje ngeprofayili yefleyiti, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-chamfering kunye ne-engile elungileyo kunye nengalunganga yokuthambekela kweblade kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Nokuba yeyiphi na isixhobo, i-angle enkulu yeraki kufuneka isetyenziswe xa kusenziwa intsimbi engenasici. Ukwandisa i-engile ye-rake yesixhobo kunokunciphisa ukuchasana okufunyenwe ngexesha lokusika i-chip kunye nokucoca. Ukukhethwa kwe-angle yokucoca akungqongqo kakhulu, kodwa akufanele kube ncinane kakhulu. Ukuba i-engile yokucoca incinci kakhulu, iya kubangela ukungqubana okunzulu kunye nomphezulu we-workpiece, ibe mandundu uburhabaxa bomphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini kunye nokukhawuleza ukunxiba kwesixhobo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa okunamandla, umphumo wokuqina komgangatho wensimbi engenasici uphuculwe; i-angle yokucoca isixhobo akufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu, inkulu kakhulu, ukwenzela ukuba i-angle ye-wedge yesixhobo iyancitshiswa, amandla omgca wokusika ayancipha, kwaye ukunxiba kwesixhobo kuyakhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-angle yokunceda kufuneka ibe nkulu ngokufanelekileyo kunaxa kusenziwa intsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo.
Ukukhethwa kwe-angle ye-rake Ukusuka kwinkalo yokusika isizukulwana sobushushu kunye nokuchithwa kobushushu, ukwandisa i-rake angle kunokunciphisa isizukulwana sokushisa, kwaye ubushushu bokusika abuyi kuba phezulu kakhulu, kodwa ukuba i-angle ye-rake inkulu kakhulu, umthamo wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. yesixhobo isixhobo iya kuncipha, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lokusika liya kuba lichasene. Unyusiwe. Ukunciphisa i-angle ye-rake kunokuphucula iimeko zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bentloko ye-cutter, kwaye ubushushu bokusika bunokuhla, kodwa ukuba i-angle yeraki incinci kakhulu, i-deformation yokusika iya kuba yinto enzulu, kwaye ubushushu obuveliswa kukusika abuyi kuchithwa ngokulula. . Uqheliselo lubonisa ukuba i-engile yeraki go=15°-20° yeyona ifanelekileyo.
Xa ukhetha i-angle yokucoca kwi-machining rough, amandla okusika izixhobo ezinamandla zokusika kufuneka zibe phezulu, ngoko ke kufuneka kukhethwe i-angle encinci yokucoca; ngexesha lokugqiba, isixhobo sokugqoka sivela ikakhulu kwindawo yokusika kunye ne-flank surface. Insimbi engenasici, into enokuthi isebenze ukuqina, inempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokugqoka izixhobo ezibangelwa ukukhuhlana kwendawo yeflank. I-angle yokukhulula efanelekileyo kufuneka ibe: kwi-austenitic stainless steel (ngaphantsi kwe-185HB), i-angle yokukhulula ingaba ngu-6 ° - -8 °; ukucubungula intsimbi ye-martensitic (ngaphezulu kwe-250HB), i-angle yokucoca yi-6 ° -8 °; kwintsimbi ye-martensitic (ngaphantsi kwe-250HB), i-angle yokucima i-6 ° -10 °.
Ukhetho lwe-engile yokuthambekela kwe-blade Ubungakanani kunye necala le-engile yokuthambekela kwe-blade kugqiba isalathiso se-chip flow. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwe-blade inclination angle ls idla ngokuba ngu-10°-20°. Izixhobo zokuthambekela kwe-blade enkulu kufuneka zisetyenziswe xa kugqitywa i-micro-ukugqiba isangqa sangaphandle, imingxuma ejika kakuhle, kunye neeplani zokucwangcisa kakuhle: ls45 ° -75 ° kufuneka isetyenziswe.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zesixhobo
Xa kusetyenzwa insimbi engenasici, umnini wesixhobo kufuneka abe namandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuqina ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okusika ukuphepha ukuxoxa kunye nokuguqulwa ngexesha lokusika. Oku kufuna ukukhethwa kwendawo enkulu enqamlezileyo yomphathi wesixhobo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphezulu-amandla ukwenza umnini wesixhobo, njengokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ecinyiweyo kunye ne-45 okanye i-50 yentsimbi.
Iimfuno zecandelo lokusika isixhobo Xa kucutshungulwa insimbi engenasici, izinto ezisikiweyo zesixhobo zifuneka ukuba zibe nokumelana okuphezulu kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kwayo kokusika kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Okwangoku izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zezi: intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-cemented carbide. Ngenxa yokuba isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu sinokugcina kuphela ukusebenza kwayo kokusika ngaphantsi kwe-600 ° C, ayifanelekanga ukusika isantya esiphezulu, kodwa ifanelekile kuphela ukucubungula insimbi engenasici kwisantya esiphantsi. Ngenxa yokuba i-carbide ene-cemented inokumelana nokushisa okungcono kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kune-high-speed steel, izixhobo ezenziwe nge-cemented carbide materials zifanelekile ngakumbi ukusika insimbi engenasici.
I-carbide ene-cemented ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amabini: i-tungsten-cobalt alloy (YG) kunye ne-tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy (YT). I-alloys ye-tungsten-cobalt inobunzima obuhle. Izixhobo ezenziweyo zingasebenzisa i-angle yeraki enkulu kunye nomphetho obukhali wokugaya. Iichips zilula ukukhubazeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika, kwaye ukusika kuyakhawuleza. Iitshiphusi azilula ukunamathela kwisixhobo. Kule meko, kuyafaneleka ngakumbi ukucubungula insimbi engenasici nge-tungsten-cobalt alloy. Ngokukodwa kwi-machining rough kunye nokusika okuphakathi kunye nokungcangcazela okukhulu, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iiblades ze-tungsten-cobalt alloy. Ayiqinile kwaye ibhibhile njenge-tungsten-cobalt-titanium alloy, akukho lula ukuyilola, kwaye kulula ukuyicoca. Ingxubevange ye-tungsten-cobalt-titanium inobulukhuni obubomvu obungcono kwaye iyaxhathisa ngakumbi kune-tungsten-cobalt ingxubevange phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu, kodwa i-brittle ngakumbi, ayixhathisi kwimpembelelo kunye nokungcangcazela, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesixhobo sokuhlanjululwa kwentsimbi engenasici. ukujika.
Ukusebenza kokusika kwesixhobo sesixhobo kuhambelana nokuqina kunye nokuveliswa kwesixhobo, kunye nokuveliswa kwesixhobo sesixhobo kuchaphazela ukwenziwa kunye nokulola umgangatho wesixhobo ngokwawo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe izixhobo zesixhobo ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokubambelela kakuhle kunye nokuqina, okufana ne-YG cemented carbide, kungcono ukuba ungasebenzisi i-YT cemented carbide, ngakumbi xa kusetyenzwa i-1Gr18Ni9Ti austenitic steel stainless, kuya kufuneka ukuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa i-YT hard alloy Alloy. , ngenxa yokuba i-titanium (i-Ti) kwinsimbi engenasici kunye ne-Ti kwi-YT-uhlobo lwe-cemented carbide ivelisa ubudlelwane, ii-chips zinokususa kalula i-Ti kwi-alloy, ekhuthaza ukunyuka kwesixhobo. Umsebenzi wokuvelisa ubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-YG532, YG813 kunye ne-YW2 amabanga amathathu ezinto zokucutshungulwa kwensimbi engenasici inesiphumo esihle sokusebenza.
3. Ukukhethwa kwexabiso lokusika
Ukuze ucinezele isizukulwana esakhiweyo somphetho kunye nokulinganisa i-spurs kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womphezulu, xa kusetyenzwa ngezixhobo ze-carbide ene-cemented, isixa sokusika singaphantsi kancinci kunokuguqula i-carbon steel workpieces jikelele, ngakumbi isantya sokusika akufanele sibe kakhulu. phezulu, isantya sokusika siyacetyiswa ngokubanzi Vc=60——80m/min, ubunzulu bokusika ap=4——7mm, kunye nesantya sokutya ngu-f=0.15——0.6mm/r.
4. Iimfuno zobunzima bomphezulu wenxalenye yokusika isixhobo
Ukuphucula ukugqiba kwendawo yokusika isixhobo kunokunciphisa ukuchasana xa ii-chips zigobile kwaye ziphucule ukuqina kwesixhobo. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenzwa kwentsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo, xa kusetyenzwa insimbi engenasici, isixa sokusika kufuneka sincitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze sicothise ukunxiba kwesixhobo; ngelo xesha, ukupholisa okufanelekileyo kunye ne-lubricating fluid kufuneka kukhethwe ukunciphisa ubushushu bokusika kunye nokusika amandla ngexesha lokusika, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-28-2021
