I-CNC machining yinkqubo yokuvelisa apho isoftware yekhompyuter ecwangcisiweyo iyalela ukuhamba kwezixhobo zasefektri kunye noomatshini. Inkqubo ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula uluhlu loomatshini abanzima, ukusuka kwiigrinder kunye nelathes ukuya kwii-mills kunye nee-routers. Ngomatshini we-CNC, imisebenzi yokusika i-dimensional-dimensional inokuphunyezwa kwiseti enye ye-prompts.
Mfutshane "ulawulo lwamanani ekhompyutheni," inkqubo ye-CNC iqhuba ngokungafaniyo - kwaye ngaloo ndlela ithatha indawo - imida yolawulo lwezandla, apho abaqhubi abaphilayo bafunekayo ukukhawuleza kunye nokukhokela imiyalelo yezixhobo zomatshini ngokusebenzisa i-levers, amaqhosha kunye namavili. Kumntu obukeleyo, inkqubo ye-CNC inokufana neseti eqhelekileyo yamacandelo ekhompyuter, kodwa iinkqubo zesoftware kunye neekhonsoli eziqeshwe kumatshini we-CNC ziyayahlula kuzo zonke ezinye iindlela zokubala.
Isebenza njani iCNC Machining?
Xa inkqubo ye-CNC yenziwe yasebenza, ukusikwa okufunekayo kucwangciswe kwisoftware kwaye kuyalelwe kwizixhobo ezihambelanayo kunye noomatshini, abaqhuba imisebenzi yobukhulu njengoko kuchaziwe, kufana nerobhothi.
Kwinkqubo ye-CNC, i-code generator ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yamanani iya kuhlala icinga ukuba iindlela azinasiphako, ngaphandle kweempazamo ezinokwenzeka, ezinkulu nanini na xa umatshini we-CNC uyalelwe ukuba usike kwicala elinye ngaxeshanye. Ukubekwa kwesixhobo kwinkqubo yolawulo lwamanani kuchazwe luluhlu lwamagalelo aziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yenxalenye.
Ngomatshini wokulawula amanani, iinkqubo zifakwa nge-punch cards. Ngokwahlukileyo, iinkqubo zoomatshini be-CNC zondliwa kwiikhompyuter nangona iikhibhodi ezincinci. Inkqubo ye-CNC igcinwa kwimemori yekhompyutha. Ikhowudi ngokwayo ibhaliwe kwaye ihlelwe ngabaprogram. Ke ngoko, iisistim ze-CNC zibonelela ngomthamo omkhulu wokubala. Okona kulungileyo, iisistim ze-CNC azimi nakancinane, kuba iimpembelelo ezintsha zingongezwa kwiinkqubo esele zikhona ngekhowudi ehlaziyiweyo.
INKQUBO YOMSHINI we-CNC
Kwi-CNC, oomatshini basebenza ngolawulo lwamanani, apho inkqubo yesoftware imiselwe ukulawula into. Ulwimi olungemva komatshini we-CNC lubizwa ngenye indlela njengekhowudi ye-G, kwaye ibhalelwe ukulawula iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha zomatshini ohambelanayo, njengesantya, isantya sokutya kunye nolungelelwaniso.
Ngokusisiseko, ukucwangciswa kwe-CNC kwenza kube lula ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili isantya kunye nesikhundla semisebenzi yesixhobo somatshini kwaye uyisebenzise ngesoftware ngokuphindaphinda, imijikelo eqikelelwayo, konke ngokubandakanyeka okuncinci kubasebenzisi bomntu. Ngenxa yolu buchule, inkqubo yamkelwe kuzo zonke iikona zecandelo lemveliso kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zentsimbi kunye neplastiki.
Ukuqala, umzobo we-2D okanye we-3D we-CAD uyakhawulwa, othi ke uguqulelwe kwikhowudi yekhompyutheni ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo ye-CNC iqhutywe. Emva kokuba inkqubo ifakiwe, umqhubi uyalinika ithuba lokuvavanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zimpazamo ezikhoyo kwikhowudi.
Vula/Valiwe-Loop Machining Systems
Ulawulo lwesikhundla lumiselwa nge-open-loop okanye inkqubo evaliweyo. Ngowokuqala, umqondiso uqhuba kwicala elinye phakathi komlawuli kunye nemoto. Ngenkqubo ye-loop evaliweyo, umlawuli unako ukufumana impendulo, eyenza ukulungiswa kwempazamo kunokwenzeka. Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo ye-loop evaliweyo inokulungisa izitenxo kwisantya kunye nendawo.
Kumatshini we-CNC, intshukumo idla ngokujoliswa ngapha kwe-X kunye ne-Y axes. Isixhobo, ke, sibekwe kwaye sikhokelwa nge-stepper okanye i-servo motors, ephindaphinda iintshukumo ezichanekileyo njengoko kumiselwe yikhowudi ye-G. Ukuba amandla kunye nesantya zincinci, inkqubo inokuqhutywa nge-open-loop control. Kuyo yonke enye into, ukulawulwa kwe-loop evaliweyo kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe isantya, ukuhambelana kunye nokuchaneka okufunekayo kwizicelo zoshishino, ezifana nesinyithi.
I-CNC Machining i-Automated Fully
Kwiiprothokholi ze-CNC zanamhlanje, ukuveliswa kweenxalenye ngesoftware ecwangcisiweyo ubukhulu becala kuyazenzekela. Imilinganiselo yenxalenye ethile isetwa endaweni kunye nesoftware yoyilo oluncediswa yikhompyutha (CAD) ize ke iguqulelwe ekubeni yimveliso yokwenene egqityiweyo enesoftware yokwenziwa kwekhompyutha (CAM).
Nawuphi na umsebenzi onikiweyo unokufuna iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zoomatshini, ezinje ngoomatshini kunye nabasiki. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nezi mfuno, oomatshini abaninzi bale mihla badibanisa imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo kwiseli enye. Ngenye indlela, ufakelo lunokuba noomatshini abaninzi kunye neseti yezandla zerobhothi ezihambisa iinxalenye ukusuka kwesinye isicelo ukuya kwesinye, kodwa ngayo yonke into elawulwa yinkqubo efanayo. Ngaphandle kokuseta, inkqubo ye-CNC ivumela ukuhambelana kwimveliso yamacandelo kuya kuba nzima, ukuba akunakwenzeka, ukuphindaphinda ngesandla.
IINTLOBO EZAHLUKENEYO ZOMSHISHINI WE-CNC
Oomatshini bokuqala bolawulo lwamanani baqala ngeminyaka yoo-1940 xa iimoto zaqala ukuqeshwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwezixhobo ezazikho ngaphambili. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili, iindlela zaphuculwa ngeekhompyuter ze-analog, kwaye ekugqibeleni neekhompyuter zedijithali, ezikhokelele ekunyukeni komatshini we-CNC.
Uninzi lwezixhobo zanamhlanje ze-CNC zi-elektroniki ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye zeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa yi-CNC ziquka ukuwelda kwe-ultrasonic, ukubhoboza umngxuma kunye nokusika kwe-laser. Oomatshini abasetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinkqubo ze-CNC ziquka oku kulandelayo:
CNC Mills
Ii-CNC Mills ziyakwazi ukusebenza kwiiprogram eziqulethwe ngamanani- kunye ne-letter-based prompts, ezikhokela iziqwenga kwimigama eyahlukeneyo. Inkqubo esetyenziselwe umatshini wokusila inokusekwa nokuba yi-G-code okanye ulwimi olulodwa olulodwa oluphuhliswe liqela lemveliso. Ii-mill ezisisiseko ziquka inkqubo ye-axis emithathu (X, Y kunye no-Z), nangona uninzi lwee-mill ezintsha zinokuthatha ii-axes ezintathu ezongezelelweyo.
IiLathes
Kumatshini we-lathe, iziqwenga zinqunywe kwindlela ejikelezayo kunye nezixhobo ze-indexable. Ngetekhnoloji ye-CNC, ukusikwa okusetyenziswe ngeentambo zenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Iileyile ze-CNC zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa uyilo oluntsonkothileyo olunganakwenzeka kwiinguqulelo eziqhutywa ngesandla zomatshini. Ngokubanzi, imisebenzi yolawulo lwe-CNC-run mills kunye ne-lathes iyafana. Njengeyangaphambili, iileyile zinokulawulwa ngekhowudi ye-G okanye ikhowudi yobunini eyodwa. Nangona kunjalo, iileyile ezininzi ze-CNC zineentsimbi ezimbini - i-X kunye ne-Z.
Abasiki bePlasma
Kwisisiki seplasma, izinto eziphathekayo zisikwa ngetotshi yeplasma. Inkqubo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zetsimbi kodwa inokuqeshwa kwezinye iindawo. Ukuze kuveliswe isantya kunye nobushushu obufunekayo ukusika isinyithi, iplasma yenziwa ngokudityaniswa kwegesi yomoya ocinezelekileyo kunye nee-arcs zombane.
Oomatshini bokukhupha uMbane
I-Electric-discharge machining (EDM) - enye ebizwa ngokuba yi-die siking kunye ne-spark machining - yinkqubo ebumba iziqwenga zokusebenza kwiimilo ezithile kunye neentlantsi zombane. Nge-EDM, ukukhutshwa kwangoku kwenzeka phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini, kwaye oku kususa amacandelo omsebenzi onikiweyo.
Xa isithuba phakathi kwee-electrodes siba sincinci, intsimi yombane iba namandla ngakumbi kwaye ngaloo ndlela yomelele kune-dielectric. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba i-current idlule phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini. Ngenxa yoko, iinxalenye zesiqwenga somsebenzi zisuswa yi-electrode nganye. Iintlobo ezincinci ze-EDM ziquka:
● I-EDM yocingo, apho ukhukuliseko lwentlantsi lusetyenziselwa ukususa iinxalenye kwizinto ezisebenza ngombane.
● I-EDM ye-Sinker, apho i-electrode kunye nomsebenzi womsebenzi uxutywe kwi-dielectric fluid ngenjongo yokwenza iqhekeza.
Kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba kukugungxulwa, ubutyobo bomsebenzi ngamnye ogqityiweyo buthwalwa yi-dielectric engamanzi, ebonakala xa umsinga phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini umile kwaye kuthethwa ukuphelisa naziphi na ezinye iintlawulo zombane.
Amanzi Jet Cutters
Kwi-CNC machining, iijethi zamanzi zizixhobo zokusika izinto ezinzima, ezifana negranite kunye nesinyithi, kunye nezicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamanzi. Kwezinye iimeko, amanzi axutywa nesanti okanye enye into eyomeleleyo yokurhabula. Iindawo zoomatshini basefektri zisoloko zibunjwa ngale nkqubo.
Iijethi zamanzi ziqeshwe njengenye indlela epholileyo kwizinto ezingakwaziyo ukuthwala iinkqubo ezitshisa ukushisa zabanye oomatshini be-CNC. Ngaloo ndlela, iijethi zamanzi zisetyenziselwa uluhlu lwamacandelo, afana ne-aerospace kunye namashishini ombiwa, apho inkqubo inamandla ngenjongo yokudweba nokusika, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi. Izisiki zejethi zamanzi zikwasetyenziselwa izicelo ezifuna ukusikwa okuntsonkothileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo, njengoko ukungabikho kobushushu kuthintela naluphi na utshintsho kwiipropati ze-intrinsic ezinokubangelwa yintsimbi ekusikeni kwesinyithi.
IINTLOBO EZAHLUKENEYO ZOMSHISHINI WE-CNC
Njengoko uninzi lwemiboniso yevidiyo yomatshini we-CNC ibonisiwe, inkqubo isetyenziselwa ukwenza amaqhekeza esinyithi kwiimveliso zehardware yeshishini. Ukongeza koomatshini abakhankanywe ngasentla, ezinye izixhobo kunye namacandelo asetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-CNC ziquka:
● Oomatshini bokuhombisa
● Iirotha zokhuni
● Ii punchers
● Oomatshini bokugoba ngocingo
● Abasiki begwebu
● Abasiki belaser
● Izisila eziziicylindrical
● Abashicileli be-3D
● Abasiki beglasi
Xa ukusikwa okuntsonkothileyo kufuneka kwenziwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye nee-engile kwindawo yomsebenzi, konke kunokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu kumatshini we-CNC. Ngethuba nje umatshini ucwangciswe ngekhowudi efanelekileyo, imisebenzi yomatshini iya kwenza amanyathelo njengoko kuchazwe yi-software. Ukubonelela yonke into ikhowudi ngokoyilo, imveliso yeenkcukacha kunye nexabiso lobuchwepheshe kufuneka livele emva kokuba inkqubo iphelile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-01-2022
