Intsimbi ye-carbon ephezulu ibhekisela kwi-carbon steel kunye ne-w (C) ephezulu kune-0.6%. Inomkhwa omkhulu wokuqina kune-carbon steel medium kwaye yenza i-carbon martensite ephezulu, evakalelwa ngakumbi ekubunjweni kweentanda ezibandayo. Ngelo xesha, isakhiwo se-martensite esakhiwe kwindawo ye-welding echaphazelekayo yokushisa inzima kwaye i-brittle, ibangela ukuba iplastiki kunye nokuqina kokudibanisa kuncitshiswe kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukuwelda kwentsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni kubi kakhulu, kwaye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuwelda kufuneka zamkelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza komdibaniso. . Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kunqabile ukusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezidibeneyo. Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumacandelo omatshini afuna ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, njengeeshafu ezijikelezayo, iigiya ezinkulu kunye nokudityaniswa [1]. Ukuze ugcine intsimbi kunye nokwenza lula iteknoloji yokucubungula, ezi nxalenye zomatshini zihlala zidibaniswa nezakhiwo ezidibeneyo. Kwimveliso yomatshini onzima, iingxaki ze-welding zamacandelo aphezulu e-carbon steel nazo zidibene. Xa uqulunqa inkqubo ye-welding ye-welding high carbon steel weldments, iziphene ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokubakho kufuneka zihlalutywe ngokubanzi kunye nemilinganiselo yenkqubo ye-welding ehambelanayo kufuneka ithathwe.
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1 Weldability of high carbon steel
1.1 Indlela yeWelding
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu isetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, ngoko ke iindlela eziphambili ze-welding zi-electrode arc welding, ibrazing kunye ne-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi.
1.2 Izinto zokuwelda
I-high carbon steel welding ngokubanzi ayifuni amandla alinganayo phakathi kokudibanisa kunye nesiseko sesinyithi. Xa i-arc welding, i-electrode ephantsi-i-hydrogen enamandla okususa isulfure, umxholo we-hydrogen odibeneyo ophantsi kwintsimbi egciniweyo, kunye nokuqina okulungileyo kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Xa amandla entsimbi ye-weld kunye nesiseko sentsimbi kufuneka alingane, intonga ye-welding ephantsi ye-hydrogen yebakala elihambelanayo kufuneka ikhethwe; xa amandla entsimbi ye-weld kunye nesiseko sensimbi engafunekiyo, intonga ye-welding ephantsi ye-hydrogen enezinga lamandla elingaphantsi kwesiseko sesinyithi kufuneka sikhethwe. Khumbula iintonga ze-Welding ezinezinga eliphezulu lamandla ngaphezu kwesiseko sesinyithi asinakunyulwa. Ukuba isiseko sesinyithi asivumelekanga ukuba sitshiswe ngaphambili ngexesha le-welding, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuqhekeka okubandayo kwindawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa, i-electrodes ye-austenitic stainless steel stainless ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana isakhiwo se-austenitic kunye neplastiki efanelekileyo kunye nokuchasana nokuqhekeka okunamandla.
1.3 Ukulungiselela kakuhle
Ukuze unciphise iqhekeza lekhabhoni kwi-weld metal, umlinganiselo wokudibanisa kufuneka uncitshiswe, ngoko ke iigrooves ezinokwakheka kwe-U okanye i-V zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngexesha le-welding, kwaye ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekucoceni i-groove kunye namabala e-oyile. umhlwa, njl. ngaphakathi kwe-20mm kumacala omabini e-groove.
1.4 Ukufudumeza kwangaphambili
Xa i-welding nge-electrode yensimbi yesakhiwo, kufuneka ifudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuba i-welding, kwaye ukushisa kwangaphambili kulawulwa phakathi kwe-250 ° C kunye ne-350 ° C.
1.5 Ukusetyenzwa kwe-Interlayer
Xa udibanisa iileyile ezininzi kunye nokupasa okuninzi, i-electrode encinci ye-diameter kunye ne-low current isetyenziselwa ukudlula kokuqala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-workpiece ifakwe kwi-welding ye-semi-vertical okanye intonga ye-welding isetyenziselwa ukujikeleza ngasecaleni, ukwenzela ukuba yonke indawo yentsimbi echaphazelekayo ubushushu ifudunyezwe ngexesha elifutshane ukufumana i-preheating kunye nemiphumo yokugcina ubushushu.
1.6 Unyango lobushushu lwasemva kweweld
Kwakamsinyane nje emva kwe-welding, i-workpiece ifakwa kwiziko lokufudumeza ize igcinwe ku-650°C ukuze kuthomalaliswe uxinezeleko [3].
I-2 ye-Welding defects of high carbon steel kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela
Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu inotyekelo oluqinileyo lokuqina, ukuqhekeka okushushu kunye nokuqhekeka okubandayo kuyenzeka ngexesha le-welding.
2.1 Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwe-thermal
I-1) Lawula ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-weld, lawula ngokungqongqo isulfure kunye nomxholo we-phosphorus, kwaye ukwandise ngokufanelekileyo umxholo we-manganese ukuphucula isakhiwo se-weld kunye nokunciphisa ukuhlukana.
2) Lawula ubume obunqamlezayo be-weld kwaye wenze umlinganiselo wobubanzi ukuya kubunzulu ube mkhulu kancinci ukuphepha ulwahlulo kumbindi we-weld.
3) Kwii-welding eziqinileyo, iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo ze-welding, ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo lwe-welding kunye nolwalathiso kufuneka lukhethwe.
4) Ukuba kuyimfuneko, thabatha amanyathelo okupholisa kwangaphambili kunye nokucotha ukuthintela ukwenzeka kweentanda ze-thermal.
I-5) Ukwandisa i-alkalinity yentonga ye-welding okanye i-flux ukunciphisa umxholo wokungcola kwi-weld kunye nokuphucula iqondo lokuhlukana.
2.2 Amanyathelo othintelo kwiintanda ezibandayo[4]
I-1) Ukufudumala ngaphambi kwe-welding kunye nokupholisa okucothayo emva kwe-welding akukwazi ukunciphisa kuphela ubunzima kunye ne-brittleness yendawo echaphazelekayo kubushushu, kodwa kunye nokukhawulezisa ukusasazwa kwangaphandle kwe-hydrogen kwi-weld.
2) Khetha imilinganiselo ye-welding efanelekileyo.
I-3) Yamkela indibano efanelekileyo kunye nolandelelwano lwe-welding ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuthintela umdibaniso odibeneyo kunye nokuphucula imeko yoxinzelelo lwe-weldment.
4) Khetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ze-welding, zomise i-electrodes kunye ne-flux phambi kwe-welding, kwaye uzigcine zilungele ukusetyenziswa.
5) Ngaphambi kwe-welding, amanzi, i-rust kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-metal surface ejikeleze i-groove kufuneka isuswe ngononophelo ukunciphisa umxholo we-hydrogen edibeneyo kwi-weld.
I-6) Unyango lwe-Dehydrogenation kufuneka luqhutywe ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kwe-welding ukuvumela i-hydrogen ukuba ibaleke ngokupheleleyo kwi-joint welded.
7) Uxinzelelo lwe-annealing unyango kufuneka lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-welding ukukhuthaza ukusasazwa kwangaphandle kwe-hydrogen kwi-weld.
3 Isiphelo
Ngenxa yesiqulatho sekhabhoni ephezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokubiyelwa kakubi kwentsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu, kulula ukuvelisa ubume bekhabhoni ephezulu ye-carbon martensite kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-welding ngexesha le-welding. Ngoko ke, xa udibanisa intsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni, inkqubo ye-welding kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo. Kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ahambelanayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukuvela kwee-welding cracks kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwamalungu adibeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2024
