Intsimbi ye-carbon ephezulu ibhekisela kwi-carbon steel kunye ne-w (C) ephezulu kune-0.6%.Inomkhwa omkhulu wokuqina kune-carbon steel medium kwaye yenza i-carbon martensite ephezulu, evakalelwa ngakumbi ekubunjweni kweentanda ezibandayo.Ngelo xesha, isakhiwo se-martensite esakhiwe kwindawo ye-welding echaphazelekayo yokushisa inzima kwaye i-brittle, ibangela ukuba iplastiki kunye nokuqina kokudibanisa kuncitshiswe kakhulu.Ke ngoko, ukuwelda kwentsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni kubi kakhulu, kwaye iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuwelda kufuneka zamkelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza komdibaniso..Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kunqabile ukusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezidibeneyo.Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu isetyenziswa ikakhulu kumacandelo omatshini afuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, njengeeshafu ezijikelezayo, iigiya ezinkulu kunye nokudityaniswa [1].Ukuze ugcine intsimbi kunye nokwenza lula iteknoloji yokucubungula, ezi nxalenye zomatshini zihlala zidibaniswa nezakhiwo ezidibeneyo.Kwimveliso yomatshini onzima, iingxaki ze-welding zamacandelo aphezulu e-carbon steel nazo zidibene.Xa uqulunqa inkqubo ye-welding ye-welding high carbon steel weldments, iziphene ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokubakho kufuneka zihlalutywe ngokubanzi kunye nemilinganiselo yenkqubo ye-welding ehambelanayo kufuneka ithathwe.
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1 Weldability of high carbon steel
1.1 Indlela yeWelding
Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu isetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, ngoko ke iindlela eziphambili ze-welding zi-electrode arc welding, ibrazing kunye ne-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi.
1.2 Izinto zokuwelda
I-high carbon steel welding ngokubanzi ayifuni amandla alinganayo phakathi kokudibanisa kunye nesiseko sesinyithi.Xa i-arc welding, i-electrode ephantsi-i-hydrogen enamandla okususa isulfure, umxholo we-hydrogen odibeneyo ophantsi kwintsimbi egciniweyo, kunye nokuqina okulungileyo kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Xa amandla entsimbi ye-weld kunye nesiseko sentsimbi kufuneka alingane, intonga ye-welding ephantsi ye-hydrogen yebakala elihambelanayo kufuneka ikhethwe;xa amandla entsimbi ye-weld kunye nesiseko sensimbi engafunekiyo, intonga ye-welding ephantsi ye-hydrogen enezinga lamandla elingaphantsi kwesiseko sesinyithi kufuneka sikhethwe.Khumbula iintonga ze-Welding ezinezinga eliphezulu lamandla ngaphezu kwesiseko sesinyithi asinakunyulwa.Ukuba isiseko sesinyithi asivumelekanga ukuba sitshiswe ngaphambili ngexesha le-welding, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuqhekeka okubandayo kwindawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa, i-electrodes ye-austenitic stainless steel stainless ingasetyenziselwa ukufumana isakhiwo se-austenitic kunye neplastiki efanelekileyo kunye nokuchasana nokuqhekeka okunamandla.
1.3 Ukulungiselela kakuhle
Ukuze unciphise iqhekeza lekhabhoni kwi-weld metal, umlinganiselo wokudibanisa kufuneka uncitshiswe, ngoko ke iigrooves ezinokwakheka kwe-U okanye i-V zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngexesha le-welding, kwaye ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekucoceni i-groove kunye namabala e-oyile. umhlwa, njl. ngaphakathi kwe-20mm kumacala omabini e-groove.
1.4 Ukufudumeza kwangaphambili
Xa i-welding nge-electrode yensimbi yesakhiwo, kufuneka ifudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuba i-welding, kwaye ukushisa kwangaphambili kulawulwa phakathi kwe-250 ° C kunye ne-350 ° C.
1.5 Ukusetyenzwa kwe-Interlayer
Xa udibanisa iileyile ezininzi kunye nokupasa okuninzi, i-electrode encinci ye-diameter kunye ne-low current isetyenziselwa ukudlula kokuqala.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-workpiece ifakwe kwi-welding ye-semi-vertical okanye intonga ye-welding isetyenziselwa ukujikeleza ngasecaleni, ukwenzela ukuba yonke indawo yentsimbi echaphazelekayo ubushushu ifudunyezwe ngexesha elifutshane ukufumana i-preheating kunye nemiphumo yokugcina ubushushu.
1.6 Unyango lobushushu lwasemva kweweld
Kwakamsinyane nje emva kwe-welding, i-workpiece ifakwa kwiziko lokufudumeza ize igcinwe ku-650°C ukuze kuthomalaliswe uxinezeleko [3].
I-2 ye-Welding defects of high carbon steel kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela
Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu inotyekelo oluqinileyo lokuqina, ukuqhekeka okushushu kunye nokuqhekeka okubandayo kuyenzeka ngexesha le-welding.
2.1 Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwe-thermal
I-1) Lawula ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ze-weld, lawula ngokungqongqo isulfure kunye nomxholo we-phosphorus, kwaye ukwandise ngokufanelekileyo umxholo we-manganese ukuphucula isakhiwo se-weld kunye nokunciphisa ukuhlukana.
2) Lawula ubume obunqamlezayo be-weld kwaye wenze umlinganiselo wobubanzi ukuya kubunzulu ube mkhulu kancinci ukuphepha ulwahlulo kumbindi we-weld.
3) Kwii-welding eziqinileyo, iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo ze-welding, ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo lwe-welding kunye nolwalathiso kufuneka lukhethwe.
4) Ukuba kuyimfuneko, thabatha amanyathelo okupholisa kwangaphambili kunye nokucotha ukuthintela ukwenzeka kweentanda ze-thermal.
I-5) Ukwandisa i-alkalinity yentonga ye-welding okanye i-flux ukunciphisa umxholo wokungcola kwi-weld kunye nokuphucula iqondo lokuhlukana.
2.2 Amanyathelo othintelo kwiintanda ezibandayo[4]
I-1) Ukufudumala ngaphambi kwe-welding kunye nokupholisa okucothayo emva kwe-welding akukwazi ukunciphisa kuphela ubunzima kunye ne-brittleness yendawo echaphazelekayo kubushushu, kodwa kunye nokukhawulezisa ukusasazwa kwangaphandle kwe-hydrogen kwi-weld.
2) Khetha imilinganiselo ye-welding efanelekileyo.
I-3) Yamkela indibano efanelekileyo kunye nolandelelwano lwe-welding ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuthintela umdibaniso odibeneyo kunye nokuphucula imeko yoxinzelelo lwe-weldment.
4) Khetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ze-welding, zomise i-electrodes kunye ne-flux phambi kwe-welding, kwaye uzigcine zilungele ukusetyenziswa.
5) Ngaphambi kwe-welding, amanzi, i-rust kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-metal surface ejikeleze i-groove kufuneka isuswe ngononophelo ukunciphisa umxholo we-hydrogen edibeneyo kwi-weld.
I-6) Unyango lwe-Dehydrogenation kufuneka luqhutywe ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kwe-welding ukuvumela i-hydrogen ukuba ibaleke ngokupheleleyo kwi-joint welded.
7) Uxinzelelo lwe-annealing unyango kufuneka lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-welding ukukhuthaza ukusasazwa kwangaphandle kwe-hydrogen kwi-weld.
3 Isiphelo
Ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwe-weldability ephezulu ye-carbon steel, kulula ukuvelisa isakhiwo se-carbon martensite ephezulu kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-welding ngexesha le-welding.Ngoko ke, xa udibanisa intsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni, inkqubo ye-welding kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo.Kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ahambelanayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukuvela kwee-welding cracks kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwamalungu adibeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2024
