Iimfuno zomgangatho wezakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo, iimveliso ezidityanisiweyo, kunye nokudibanisa okudityanisiweyo kunamacala amaninzi. Ziquka iimfuno zangaphakathi ezifana nokusebenza ngokubambisana kunye nombutho. Ngexesha elifanayo, akufuneki kubekho iziphene kwimbonakalo, imilo, ukuchaneka kobungakanani, ukubunjwa kwe-weld seam, iziphene zomhlaba kunye nezingaphakathi. Ukuze zibonwe ngokukhawuleza, Ukusombulula iingxaki, uhlalutyo olukhulu luhlala lusetyenziswa kuqala, lulandelwa luhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwemicroscopic ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Umxholo obaluleke kakhulu wohlalutyo olukhulu luhlalutyo lwesiphene lwamalungu adibeneyo. Ikakhulu kusetyenziswa indlela yohlalutyo lwesakhiwo esisezantsi-ukukhulisa i-metallographic microscope, iziphene zangaphakathi eziveliswa ngamajoyinti adityanisiweyo zihlolwa nge-metallographic low-magnification, kwaye izizathu zeziphene zichongwa ngokuhlalutya kwe-high-magnification microstructure, kunye neendlela zokuthintela kunye ukupheliswa kufunyenwe ukuphucula umgangatho we-welded joints. umgangatho.
Ngokuthatha isampuli, ukugaya, ukubethelwa kunye nokuthatha iifoto ezisezantsi, sinokujonga ngokucacileyo kunye ne-intuitively iziphene ze-macroscopic zamalungu adityanisiweyo, kwaye zidityaniswe nemigangatho ye-welding ehambelanayo, sinokugweba ukuba inkqubo ye-welding, abasebenzi be-welding, kunye nezakhiwo ze-welding zinokudibana. iimfuno ezifanelekileyo. Iimfuno.
Ngokwesizathu sokwakheka kunye nokumila kwesiphene, iziphene ze-weld macro zinokwahlulwa ikakhulu kwezi ndidi zilandelayo:
1. Stomata
Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-crystallization ye-welding pool, ezinye iigesi zinokuhlala kwisibuko se-welding ukuze zenze ii-pores ngenxa yokuba abanalo ixesha lokubaleka.
I-Porosity sisiphene esiqhelekileyo kumalungu adityanisiweyo. I-Porosity ayibonakali kuphela kumphezulu we-weld, kodwa iphinda ibonakale ngaphakathi kwe-weld. Akulula ukufumanisa ngeendlela ezilula ngexesha lemveliso ye-welding, eya kubangela ingozi enkulu.
Imingxunya ye-welding eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwi-weld ibizwa ngokuba yi-internal pores, kwaye i-pores evuleka ngaphandle ibizwa ngokuba yi-surface pores.
2. Ukufakwa kwe-slag
Ukufakwa kwe-slag yi-slag etyhidiweyo okanye enye i-non-metallic inclusions kwi-weld, eyisiphene esiqhelekileyo kwi-weld.
Kwi-welding usebenzisa i-flux-filled metal wire, efana ne-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi, uthuli luba yi-slag ngenxa yokungabikho kakuhle, okanye kwindlela ye-CO2 ye-welding ngaphandle kwe-flux, imveliso ye-deoxidation ivelisa i-slag, ehlala ngaphakathi kwi-multi-layer weld metal. Unokwenza ukufakwa kwe-slag.
3. Ukungena okungonelanga kunye nokudibanisa
Ukungena okungaphelelanga kubhekisela kwindawo ekhohlo kwingcambu yejoyinti engagqithwanga ngokupheleleyo ngexesha le-welding.
Ukunqongophala kwe-fusion kuyingxaki eqhelekileyo. Ibhekiselele kumsantsa oshiyekileyo wengingqi phakathi kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo yeweld kunye nesiseko sentsimbi okanye phakathi kwamaso eweld acamaneyo kunye neeleya zeweld. Isiseko sesinyithi kunye nesiseko sesinyithi asinyibiliki ngokupheleleyo kwaye zidibaniswe ngexesha le-welding yendawo. Ezinye zibizwa ngokuba azixutywanga.
Izixhobo zokuwelda iXinfa zineempawu zomgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ukufumana iinkcukacha, nceda u tyelele: Abavelisi be-Welding & Cutting Manufacturers-China Welding & Cutting Factory & Suppliers (xinfatools.com)
4. Iintanda
Iintanda ze-welding zahlulahlulwe zibe ziintanda ezishushu (iintanda zekristale, iintanda ze-liquefaction ezinobushushu obuphezulu, iintanda ze-polygonal), iintanda ezibandayo (iintanda ezilibazisekayo, iintanda eziqina embrittlement, iintanda eziphantsi zeplastiki), ukutshisa kwakhona iintanda, kunye neenyembezi ze-lamellar ngokwemilo yazo kunye nezizathu. Uqhekeko njl.
5. I-Undercut
I-Undercut ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-undercut. I-groove ephantsi kunomgangatho wesiseko sesinyithi kwi-weld toe ngenxa yokuba isinyithi esidipozithiweyo asiyifaki ngokupheleleyo inxalenye enyibilikisiweyo yesiseko sesinyithi ngexesha le-welding. Yisiphumo se-arc ye-welding enyibilika umda we-weldment. Umsantsa oshiywe yintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukusuka kwintonga ye-welding ayizaliswa.
I-undercut enzulu kakhulu iya kuwenza buthathaka amandla adibeneyo kwaye inokubangela umonakalo kwisakhiwo kwi-undercut.
6. Ezinye iziphene
Ukongeza kwezi ziphene zingasentla, iziphene eziqhelekileyo kwi-welds zibandakanya ukukhululeka, ukugquma okubandayo, ukutshisa, i-weld nodules, i-shrinkage cavities, imigodi, i-sag, ubukhulu bomlenze we-weld ongalinganiyo, ukugqithisa ngokweqile / ukuguqa, kunye ne-angle ye-weld toe engalunganga. yima.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2024
